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Title Page |
5 |
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Copyright Page |
6 |
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Contents |
9 |
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About the editors |
15 |
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List of contributors |
17 |
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Foreword |
21 |
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Preface |
23 |
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Chapter 1 Factorial ANOVA and MANOVA |
27 |
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General Introduction |
27 |
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Hypothesis Testing |
28 |
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Alpha Level |
28 |
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Assumptions |
29 |
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Further Considerations |
30 |
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Utility in Sport and Exercise Sciences |
32 |
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Treatment Conditions |
32 |
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Existing Conditions |
32 |
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Individual Characteristics |
33 |
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Recent Usage |
33 |
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The Substantive Example |
33 |
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Univariate: Factorial ANOVA |
34 |
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Univariate Assumptions |
34 |
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The Synergy |
36 |
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Factorial ANOVA Analysis Plan |
36 |
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Example of a Write-Up Compatible with the APA Publication Manual |
37 |
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Factorial MANOVA Analysis Plan |
39 |
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Example of a Write-Up Compatible with the APA Publication Manual |
39 |
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Summary |
42 |
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Acknowledgment |
44 |
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References |
44 |
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Chapter 2 Repeated measures ANOVA and MANOVA |
45 |
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General Introduction |
45 |
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Between- versus Within-Subjects Variables |
45 |
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Hypothesis Testing |
46 |
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Assumptions |
46 |
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Further Considerations |
47 |
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Utility in Sport and Exercise Sciences |
48 |
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Multiple Treatment Conditions |
49 |
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Multiple Assessments |
49 |
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Longitudinal Studies |
49 |
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Recent Usage |
50 |
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The Substantive Example |
50 |
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Univariate: Repeated Measures ANOVA |
50 |
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Univariate Assumptions |
51 |
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Multivariate: Repeated Measures MANOVA |
52 |
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Multivariate Assumptions |
52 |
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The Synergy |
53 |
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Repeated Measures ANOVA Analysis Plan |
53 |
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Example of a Write-Up Compatible with the APA Publication Manual |
55 |
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Repeated Measures MANOVA Analysis Plan |
55 |
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Example of a Write-Up Compatible with the APA Publication Manual |
57 |
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Summary |
58 |
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Acknowledgment |
60 |
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References |
60 |
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Chapter 3 Mediation and moderation via regression analysis |
61 |
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General Introduction |
61 |
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Utility of the Methods in Sport and Exercise Science |
62 |
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The Substantive Example |
64 |
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Mediation |
64 |
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The Synergy |
64 |
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Mediation |
64 |
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The Substantive Example |
70 |
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Moderation |
70 |
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The Synergy |
71 |
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Moderation |
71 |
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Summary |
79 |
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References |
81 |
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Chapter 4 Item response theory and its applications in Kinesiology |
83 |
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General Introduction |
83 |
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What Is IRT? |
85 |
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Other Commonly Used IRT Models |
86 |
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Assumptions Related to IRT |
88 |
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Unidimensionality |
88 |
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Local Independence |
88 |
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Addressing Model-Data Fit |
88 |
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Inspecting Model Assumptions |
89 |
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Inspecting Expected Model Features |
89 |
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Inspecting Overall Model-Data Fit |
90 |
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Computer Simulation for Model-Data Fit Testing |
90 |
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Unique Features and Advantages of IRT |
91 |
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Estimation Invariance |
91 |
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Common Metric Scale |
91 |
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Item and Test Information |
92 |
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Test Relative Efficiency |
94 |
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Global “Reliability” Is no Longer a Concern |
95 |
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Item Bank and IRT-Based Test Construction |
95 |
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Parameter Estimation and Software |
97 |
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Utility of the Methodology in Kinesiology |
97 |
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IRT Limitations and Future Direction |
98 |
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Conclusion |
99 |
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References |
100 |
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Chapter 5 Introduction to factor analysis and structural equation modeling |
105 |
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General Introduction |
105 |
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Utility of the Method in Sport and Exercise Science |
106 |
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Terminology and Methodology |
109 |
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Evaluating Model Fit |
112 |
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Interpreting Parameter Estimates |
114 |
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The Substantive Example |
115 |
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The Synergy |
117 |
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EFA: Establishing the Factor Structure |
117 |
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CFA: Testing the Measurement Models |
119 |
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Structural Equation Modeling: Adding the Regression Paths |
122 |
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Summary |
124 |
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References |
125 |
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Chapter 6 Invariance testing across samples and time: Cohort-sequence analysis of perceived body composition |
127 |
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General Introduction to the Importance of Measurement Invariance |
128 |
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Cohort-Sequential Designs: Longitudinal Invariance across Samples and Time |
132 |
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Substantive Application: Physical Self-Concept |
133 |
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Methodology |
137 |
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The PSDQ Instrument |
137 |
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Statistical Analyses |
137 |
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Goodness of Fit |
138 |
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Results |
139 |
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Basic Cohort-Sequence Model: Four Cohort Groups and Four Waves |
139 |
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Cohort-Sequence Design of Multiple Indicators, Multiple Causes Models |
141 |
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Use of Model Constraint with Orthogonal Polynomial Contrasts to Evaluate Cohort Sequence and MIMIC Latent Means |
142 |
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Use of Latent Growth Curve Models to Evaluate Stability/Change over Time |
145 |
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LGC Results |
149 |
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Summary, Implications, and Further Directions |
149 |
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Methodological Implications, Limitations, and Further Directions |
149 |
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References |
151 |
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Chapter 7 Cross-lagged structural equation modeling and latent growth modeling |
157 |
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General Introduction |
157 |
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A Theoretical Framework for the Study of Change |
158 |
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Utility of the Method in Sport and Exercise Science |
158 |
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Analysis of Change |
158 |
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The Substantive Example |
160 |
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Theoretical Background |
160 |
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The Data: Participants and Measurement |
160 |
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The Synergy |
161 |
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CLPM |
161 |
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CLPM Example |
163 |
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Latent Growth Modeling |
166 |
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LGM Example |
167 |
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Model 2a: Unconditional LGM |
169 |
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Model 2b: Conditional LGM |
171 |
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Model 2c: Unconditional LGM with TVCs |
171 |
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Model 3: Parallel Process LGM |
172 |
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Model 4: Second-Order LGM |
174 |
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Summary |
176 |
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References |
177 |
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Chapter 8 Exploratory structural equation modeling and Bayesian estimation |
181 |
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General Introduction |
181 |
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Utility of the Methods in Sport and Exercise Science |
182 |
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The Substantive Example(s) |
185 |
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The Motivational Correlates of Mentally Tough Behavior |
185 |
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Developing Synergies through Statistical Modeling |
187 |
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ESEM |
187 |
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Bayesian Estimation |
194 |
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Summary |
205 |
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References |
206 |
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Chapter 9 A gentle introduction to mixture modeling using physical fitness performance data |
209 |
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General Introduction |
209 |
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Utility of the Method in Sport and Exercise Science |
212 |
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The Substantive Example(s) |
213 |
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Class Enumeration in Mixture Models |
214 |
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The Estimation of Mixture Models |
216 |
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The Synergy |
216 |
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LPA of Grade 5 Students and Tests of Invariance across Gender Groups |
216 |
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Inclusion of Covariates in LPA Solutions |
221 |
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LTA |
222 |
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Mixture Regression Analyses of Grade 5 Students |
224 |
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Latent Basis Growth Mixture Analyses: Cardiovascular Fitness |
228 |
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Piecewise Growth Mixture Analyses: Physical Strength |
229 |
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Summary |
230 |
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Acknowledgments |
231 |
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References |
232 |
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Chapter 10 Multilevel (structural equation) modeling |
237 |
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General Introduction |
237 |
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Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling |
238 |
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Utility of the Methodology in Sport and Exercise Science |
240 |
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The Substantive Examples |
241 |
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Coaching Competency–Collective Efficacy–Team Performance: 1–1–2 |
242 |
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Action Planning Intervention–Physical Activity Action Plans–Physical Activity: 2–1–1 |
243 |
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The Synergy |
244 |
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Coaching Competency–Collective Efficacy–Team Performance: 1–1–2 |
245 |
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Action Planning Intervention–Physical Activity Action Plans–Physical Activity: 2–1–1 |
248 |
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Summary |
255 |
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References |
256 |
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Chapter 11 Application of meta-analysis in sport and exercise science |
259 |
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General Introduction |
259 |
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Stages of Meta-Analysis |
259 |
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Key Elements of Meta-Analysis |
260 |
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Goals of Meta-Analysis |
262 |
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Utility of the Methodology in Sport and Exercise Science |
264 |
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The Substantive Example |
264 |
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The Synergy |
267 |
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Univariate Meta-Analysis |
267 |
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Multivariate Meta-Analysis |
271 |
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Summary |
275 |
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Acknowledgment |
277 |
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References |
277 |
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Chapter 12 Reliability and stability of variables/instruments used in sport science and sport medicine |
281 |
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Introduction |
281 |
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A. Assessment of Test–Retest Agreement Using Interval/Ratio Data |
282 |
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A Worked Example Using the Test–Retest Differences of the Biceps Skinfold Measurements |
283 |
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B. Utility of the Assessment of Test-Retest Stability Using Categorical/Likert-Type Data |
286 |
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The Substantive Example |
287 |
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Utility of the Test–Retest Stability Using Nonparametric Data |
287 |
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The Synergy |
288 |
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Utility of the Item by Item Approach to Test–Retest Stability |
289 |
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The Synergy |
289 |
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Summary |
291 |
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References |
292 |
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Chapter 13 Sample size determination and power estimation in structural equation modeling |
293 |
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General Introduction |
293 |
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Power |
294 |
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Power Analysis in SEM |
294 |
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Utility of the Methodology in Sport and Exercise Science |
295 |
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Power Analysis Regarding Model-Data Fit: An Introduction |
295 |
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Power Analysis Regarding Focal Parameters: An Introduction |
296 |
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The Substantive Example |
298 |
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Bifactor Model in Sport and Exercise Science |
298 |
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Bifactor Model and the PETES |
299 |
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The Synergy |
301 |
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Power Analysis Regarding Model-Data Fit: A Demonstration |
302 |
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Power Analysis Regarding Focal Parameters: A Demonstration |
304 |
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Summary |
307 |
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References |
308 |
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Index |
311 |
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EULA |
315 |
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