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Acknowledgements |
6 |
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Contents |
8 |
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Abbreviations |
10 |
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List of Figures |
14 |
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List of Tables |
16 |
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Chapter 1: Introduction |
17 |
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1.1 The Political Economy of Skills and Europeanisation |
21 |
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1.1.1 Varieties of Capitalism and Skills |
21 |
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Training in CMEs and LMEs |
22 |
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Skill Types |
25 |
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Firms and Training |
27 |
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VoC and Its Critique: Change, the Role of the State, and Typologies |
29 |
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1.1.2 The Influence of Europe on National Systems |
32 |
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The Political Economy Literature |
33 |
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The Europeanisation Literature |
36 |
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1.1.3 The Europeanisation of Vocational Education and Training |
39 |
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1.2 Research Framework and Methodology |
41 |
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1.3 Structure |
49 |
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Chapter 2: The Copenhagen Process: A Political Economy Perspective |
50 |
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2.1 A Brief History of European Vocational Education and Training Policies |
50 |
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2.2 The Copenhagen Process |
56 |
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2.3 The Political Economy of the Copenhagen Process |
70 |
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2.4 Conclusion |
82 |
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Chapter 3: The Impact of the Copenhagen Process on the German Training Regime |
84 |
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3.1 The German VET System |
84 |
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3.2 Implementation of the Copenhagen Process in Germany |
93 |
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3.2.1 Early Discussions on the European Qualifications Framework and the European Credit System for Vocational Education and T... |
94 |
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Reform Proposals and Initiatives |
96 |
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Politics of Reform and Actors´ Positions |
97 |
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Brief Evaluation |
103 |
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3.2.2 Learning Outcomes |
104 |
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Politics of Reform and Actors´ Positions |
105 |
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Brief Evaluation |
106 |
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3.2.3 The German Qualifications Framework (DQR) |
107 |
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Open Questions and Further Implementation |
111 |
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Politics of Reform and Actors´ Positions |
114 |
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Brief Evaluation |
115 |
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3.2.4 The European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training |
116 |
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Politics of Reform and Actors´ Positions |
119 |
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Brief Evaluation |
121 |
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3.2.5 Validation of Non-formal and Informal Learning |
122 |
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Politics of Reform and Actors´ Positions |
125 |
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Brief Evaluation |
126 |
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3.2.6 Quality Assurance |
127 |
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Politics of Reform and Actors´ Positions |
128 |
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Brief Evaluation |
130 |
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3.3 Conclusions |
131 |
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Chapter 4: The Impact of the Copenhagen Process on the Dutch Training Regime |
137 |
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4.1 The Dutch Vocational Education and Training System |
137 |
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4.2 Implementation of the Copenhagen Process in the Netherlands |
148 |
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4.2.1 Learning Outcomes |
148 |
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Politics of Reform and Actors´ Positions |
150 |
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Brief Evaluation |
150 |
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4.2.2 The Dutch National Qualifications Framework (NLQF) |
151 |
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Politics of Reform and Actors´ Positions |
158 |
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Brief Evaluation |
160 |
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4.2.3 The European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training |
161 |
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Politics of Reform and Actors´ Positions |
163 |
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Brief Evaluation |
165 |
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4.2.4 Validation of Non-formal and Informal Learning |
166 |
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Politics of Reform and Actors´ Positions |
168 |
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Brief Evaluation |
169 |
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4.2.5 Quality Assurance |
170 |
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Politics of Reform and Actors´ Positions |
173 |
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Brief Evaluation |
173 |
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4.3 Conclusions |
174 |
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Chapter 5: The Impact of the Copenhagen Process on the English Training Regime |
177 |
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5.1 The English Vocational Education and Training System |
177 |
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5.2 Implementation of the Copenhagen Process in the United Kingdom |
190 |
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5.2.1 Learning Outcomes |
190 |
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Brief Evaluation |
191 |
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5.2.2 Qualifications and Credit Frameworks |
191 |
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Referencing Process and Implementation of the EQF |
194 |
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5.2.3 The European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training |
197 |
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5.2.4 Validation of Non-formal and Informal Learning |
199 |
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5.2.5 Quality Assurance |
200 |
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5.3 Conclusions |
202 |
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Chapter 6: Comparison and Conclusion |
206 |
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6.1 Comparison of the Impact of the Copenhagen Process on Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom (England) |
212 |
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6.2 Theoretical Implications |
222 |
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6.2.1 Is Europe Liberalising National Institutions? |
222 |
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Explaining the Depth and Direction of Change in the Light of VoC |
223 |
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Explaining European Integration in the Light of VoC |
225 |
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My Findings in Comparison to Previous Political Science Studies |
227 |
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Europe as a Liberalisation Machine? |
229 |
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6.2.2 Varieties of Capitalism and the Study of Europeanisation |
230 |
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6.2.3 Further Contributions to the Political Economy Literature |
232 |
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6.2.4 Implications for Further Research |
234 |
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6.3 Implications for Policy Discussions |
236 |
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Appendix |
243 |
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Annex I: The European Qualifications Framework |
243 |
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Annex II: The European Quality Assurance Reference Framework |
246 |
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Annex III: Youth Unemployment Rates in European Countries |
250 |
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Bibliography |
252 |
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