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Contents |
5 |
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Contributors |
7 |
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RNA Interference in Mammalian Cell Systems |
9 |
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1 Introduction |
9 |
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2 The RNAi Pathway in Mammals |
10 |
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3 Triggers of RNAi in Mammals |
15 |
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4 Genome-Wide Approaches Using RNAi |
17 |
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5 Off-Target Effects |
19 |
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6 RNAi in the Clinic? |
20 |
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7 Concluding Remarks |
21 |
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References |
21 |
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RNAi Pathway in C. elegans: The Argonautes and Collaborators |
28 |
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1 A Tiny Worm Shed Light on New Gene Regulation Mechanisms |
28 |
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2 The Argonautes: The Heroes of RNAi Pathways |
30 |
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3 The Argonautes Are Not Alone |
36 |
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4 RNAi Important to Maintain Genome Integrity: A Primitive Immune System in C. elegans? |
39 |
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5 Closing Remarks |
40 |
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References |
40 |
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Genetics and Biochemistry of RNAi in Drosophila |
44 |
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1 Dicer: RNAi Initiation |
46 |
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2 siRNA: Structure and Its Impact on RNAi |
48 |
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3 Argonaute Proteins: Structure and Function |
49 |
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4 Drosophila AGO Proteins: Unique Features and Crucial Role in RNAi |
50 |
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5 RISC Assembly |
52 |
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6 RISC Assembly Pathway and Target mRNA Cleavage |
53 |
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7 Kinetics of RISC: Consolidating the Structural and Biochemical Data |
56 |
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8 Transcriptional Gene Silencing in Relation to the Polycomb Complex and RNAi |
57 |
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9 RNAi and Transposable Element Expression |
59 |
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10 Cosuppression and I Factor Repression |
60 |
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11 Heterochromatin and P Element Control |
61 |
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12 Hybrid Dysgenesis in D. virilis |
62 |
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13 siRNAs Homologous to Transposable Elements and Viruses |
63 |
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14 Germinal Versus Somatic Silencing |
64 |
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15 Length Maintenance of the Telomeres |
66 |
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16 Transposons Regulate Neighboring Genes by RNAi |
67 |
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17 RNAi Interactions with Heterochromatin, RNA Editing, and DNA Repair |
67 |
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18 Role of RNAi Genes with Chromatin Insulators |
72 |
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19 Stability of the Nucleolus |
72 |
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20 Silencing Interactions with the MSL Complex |
72 |
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21 Concluding Remarks |
74 |
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References |
74 |
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Role of Dicer in Posttranscriptional RNA Silencing |
83 |
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1 Introduction |
83 |
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2 RNase III Family |
84 |
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3 Dicer Proteins in Different Organisms |
86 |
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4 Proteins Interacting with Dicer |
87 |
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5 Mechanism of dsRNA and Pre-miRNA Processing by Dicer |
92 |
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6 Function of Dicer in the Assembly of Effector Complexes |
94 |
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7 Role of Dicer In Vivo |
97 |
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References |
97 |
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The Mechanism of RNase III Action: How Dicer Dices |
104 |
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1 Introduction |
105 |
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2 Domain Structure and Function of RNase III Proteins |
107 |
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3 Minimal Functional Core of RNase III Proteins |
115 |
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4 Conclusions |
118 |
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References |
119 |
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MicroRNA Metabolism in Plants |
122 |
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1 MicroRNA Discovery in Plants |
123 |
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2 MicroRNA Genes in Plants: Organization, Conservation, and Origin |
125 |
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3 MicroRNA Biogenesis in Arabidopsis |
126 |
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4 Regulation of MicroRNA Biogenesis |
133 |
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5 Mode of Action of Plant MicroRNAs |
134 |
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6 Outstanding Questions |
135 |
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References |
137 |
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Structure-Function Relationships Among RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases |
142 |
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1 Introduction |
143 |
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2 RdRP Structures |
143 |
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3 Structures of RdRP Complexes |
147 |
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4 Phosphodiester Bond Formation |
151 |
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5 Fidelity |
153 |
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6 RdRPs of RNAi |
156 |
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7 Concluding Remarks |
156 |
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References |
157 |
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RNAi-Mediated Chromatin Silencing in Fission Yeast |
162 |
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1 Overview |
163 |
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2 The Organisation of Fission Yeast Centromeres |
164 |
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3 Methylated Histone H3 Binds Swi6 to Form Heterochromatin |
166 |
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4 The Role of Heterochromatin at Specific Chromosomal Loci |
168 |
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5 RNAi Components Are Required for Heterochromatin Integrity |
170 |
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6 RNAi Is Dispensable at the Mating-Type Locus and Telomeres |
180 |
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7 Perspectives |
182 |
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References |
183 |
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A Role for RNAi in Heterochromatin Formation in Drosophila |
189 |
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1 Definition of Heterochromatin |
190 |
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2 Biochemistry of RNAi |
194 |
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3 Links Between RNAi and Heterochromatin |
198 |
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4 Experiments Testing an RNAi Connection in Drosophila |
202 |
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5 Outlook |
207 |
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References |
208 |
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RNA-Mediated Transcriptional Gene Silencing in Human Cells |
214 |
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1 Introduction |
215 |
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2 Conclusion |
224 |
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References |
225 |
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RNA Silencing in Mammalian Oocytes and Early Embryos |
228 |
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1 Introduction |
229 |
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2 Mechanisms of RNA Silencing |
230 |
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3 Other dsRNA-Responding Pathways |
232 |
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4 RNA Silencing in Mouse Oocytes and Early Embryos |
238 |
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5 Experimental Use of RNA Silencing in Mouse Oocytes and Early Embryos |
245 |
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6 Conclusions |
250 |
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References |
250 |
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Identifying Human MicroRNAs |
260 |
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1 Introduction |
260 |
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2 Bioinformatic MicroRNA Prediction: Principles and Challenges |
262 |
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3 A Novel, ‘Integrated’ Approach to MicroRNA Identification |
264 |
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4 On-going Trends in MicroRNA Discovery |
268 |
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References |
270 |
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Index |
273 |
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