Contents	8
	Preface and acknowledgments	10
	1 Introduction	16
	A look ahead	21
	2 Descartes’s legacy	28
	Cartesian dualism	29
	Substances, attributes, and modes	32
	The metaphysics of dualism	33
	Mind-body interaction	36
	Modifying Cartesian dualism	39
	Parallelism	40
	Occasionalism	42
	Causation	42
	Idealism	45
	Mind and meaning	47
	Epiphenomenalism	50
	Non-Cartesian dualism	53
	Taking stock	60
	Suggested reading	61
	3 Varieties of materialism- Behaviorism and psycho-physical identity	66
	Behaviorism	67
	Privacy and its consequences	69
	The beetle in the box	70
	Philosophical behaviorism	72
	The legacy of philosophical behaviorism	77
	Psychological behaviorism	79
	The identity theory	84
	The attraction of the Cartesian picture	85
	Properties and predicates	88
	The concept of identity	90
	The $64 question	91
	Epistemological loose ends	95
	Taking stock	97
	Suggested reading	98
	4 Functionalism and the Representational Theory of Mind	102
	The functionalist picture	103
	Minds as computing machines	104
	Functional explanation	105
	Functionalist ontology	106
	Functionalism and materialism	107
	Elements of functionalism	108
	Functional properties	109
	Mental properties as functional properties	111
	Functionalism and behaviorism	112
	Characterizing functional states	113
	Total functional systems	116
	The Representational Theory of Mind	117
	Semantic engines	118
	The Chinese Room	122
	From syntax to semantics	125
	The layered view of the world	127
	Taxonomic levels and the special sciences	128
	Laws and properties: levels of reality	130
	Layered ontology	132
	“Qualia”	134
	Zombies	134
	Biting the bullet	136
	Dispensing with qualia	137
	The mystery of consciousness	140
	Suggested reading	140
	5 Interpretational theories of mind and eliminativism	144
	Davidson and the propositional attitudes	145
	Semantic opacity	146
	Radical interpretation: background issues	147
	T-theories	150
	From T-theories to I-theories	151
	Charity and indeterminacy	154
	The omniscient interpreter	156
	Interpretation and measurement	157
	Mental causation and the propositional attitudes	161
	The regress problem	164
	Dennett and the intentional stance	167
	The intentional stance	167
	From intentional stance to design stance	169
	From design stance to physical stance	171
	From the mental to the physical	171
	Second-order representation	172
	Kinds of mind	174
	Consciousness	177
	Searle’s objection	179
	Eliminativism	181
	Theories and theory reduction	181
	Is eliminativism self-refuting?	183
	Suggested reading	184
	6 Minds and their place in nature	188
	Metaphysical background	189
	Objects	190
	Properties as particularized ways	192
	The dual nature of properties	194
	Dispositionality and causality	199
	Complex objects	201
	Emergence	205
	Ontological layers	206
	Predicates and properties	207
	Properties, realism, and anti-realism	207
	Applying the view	210
	Multiple realizability	211
	Is pain a property?	213
	Pain as a second-order property	214
	Causality and ceteris paribus laws	215
	Levels of reality vs levels of description	216
	Zombies	217
	Qualities of conscious experience	219
	“Privileged access”	222
	Mental imagery	225
	Uses of imagery	227
	Intentionality	228
	Dénouement	232
	The identity theory	234
	Functionalism	234
	Interpretationism	235
	Concluding note	236
	Suggested reading	237
	Bibliography	240
	Index	246