Contents	6
	Contributors	10
	About the Editors	14
	Part I Introduction	16
	1 Cross-Disciplinary Views of Anger: Consensus and Controversy	17
	1.1 Triggers and Targets, Functions, and Social Significance of Anger	17
	1.2 Constituents of Anger	18
	1.3 Anger Quantity, Quality, and Time Course	19
	1.4 Valence and Motivation	19
	1.5 Information Processing, Appraisal, and Blame	20
	1.6 Development, Gender, Personality, and Psychopathology	21
	1.7 Other Emotions	21
	2 A Brief History of Anger	22
	2.1 Anger: Supernatural and Superhuman	22
	2.2 The Philosophy and Psychology of Anger	27
	2.3 The Historical Ubiquity of Anger and the Exercise of Social Control	32
	2.4 Summary	34
	Note	34
	References	34
	Part II Biology of Anger	38
	3 Population and Molecular Genetics of Anger and Aggression: Current State of the Art	39
	3.1 Preface	39
	3.2 Introduction	40
	3.3 The Heritability of Aggression and Hostility	40
	3.4 Molecular Genetic Research in Psychology	41
	3.5 Variations in Genes Coding for Gonadal Hormones	41
	3.6 The Influence of Serotonergic Gene Loci on Aggression and Anger	42
	3.7 Catecholamine-Associated Gene Loci and AHA	45
	3.8 Summary and Future Perspectives	45
	References	46
	4 Constructing a Neurology of Anger	50
	4.1 Overview of Anger in the Brain	50
	4.2 Temporal Lobes, Epilepsy, and Episodic Dyscontrol: Aggression or Anger?	52
	4.3 Hemispheric Asymmetries in Temporal Lobe Function	53
	4.4 Subcortical Mediation of Anger in Humans and Its Putative Relationship with Several Forms of Aggression in Other Animals	54
	4.5 Roles of Frontal Lobe in Anger as Inferred from EEG and Lesion Data	57
	4.5.1 Evidence from Seizures	57
	4.5.2 Medial and Orbital Frontal Cortex: General Anatomy and Function	58
	4.5.3 Medial and Orbital Frontal Cortex: Role in Anger and Aggression	58
	4.6 Reconciling Lesion and Neuroimaging Data	60
	4.7 A Neuroanatomical Conjecture About the Dynamics of Anger	61
	4.8 Implications for Future Psychological and Physiological Studies of Anger	65
	4.9 Limitations and Caveats	65
	References	66
	5 Anger, Motivation, and Asymmetrical Frontal Cortical Activations	71
	5.1 Subjective Feelings and Anger	72
	5.1.1 Relationship to Other Emotional Experiences	73
	5.2 Motivational Components of Anger	74
	5.2.1 Behavioral and Subjective Evidence	74
	5.3 Triggers of Anger	75
	5.3.1 Reinforcement Approaches	75
	5.3.2 Cognitive Neo-association Approach	76
	5.4 Neural Components of Anger	76
	5.4.1 Motivational Direction: Approach and Withdrawal	76
	5.4.2 Valence: Positive and Negative Affect	76
	5.4.3 Motivational Direction vs. Valence	77
	5.4.4 EEG Measurement	78
	5.4.5 Anger and EEG Activity -- Correlational Studies of Trait Anger	78
	5.4.6 Anger and EEG Activity -- Experimental Studies of State Anger	79
	5.4.7 Trait State Anger Interactions in Frontal Asymmetry	80
	5.4.8 Asymmetrical Frontal Activity and Withdrawal Anger	81
	5.4.9 Manipulating Asymmetrical Frontal Activity and Anger Processes	81
	5.4.10 Other Brain-Imaging Methods/Alternative Interpretations	82
	5.4.11 Some Questions and Conclusions	83
	References	84
	6 The Neurochemistry and Psychopharmacology of Anger	89
	6.1 Introduction	89
	6.2 Neurochemistry of Anger	90
	6.2.1 Studies Investigating Metabolites of Serotonin in Cerebrospinal Fluid	91
	6.2.2 Neuroendocrine Challenge Studies	92
	6.2.3 The 5-HT System	92
	6.2.4 The Noradrenergic System	94
	6.2.5 Acute Monoamine Depletion	95
	6.2.6 Acute Tryptophan Deletion	95
	6.2.7 Acute Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Depletion	97
	6.2.8 Acute Tryptophan Depletion Versus Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Depletion	97
	6.2.9 Implications of Neurochemical Work	98
	6.3 Psychopharmacology of Anger	98
	6.3.1 Anger, Irritability and Hostility	99
	6.3.2 Healthy Volunteers	99
	6.3.3 Depression	100
	6.3.4 Generalised Anxiety Disorder	100
	6.3.5 Post-traumatic Stress Disorder	101
	6.3.6 Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder	101
	6.3.7 Bipolar Disorder	102
	6.3.8 Axis II Disorders	102
	6.3.9 Anger Outbursts or Attacks	103
	6.3.9.1 Anger Attacks in Depression	103
	6.3.9.2 Anger Attacks in Other Disorders	103
	6.4 Conclusions	105
	References	106
	7 Somatovisceral Activation During Anger	113
	7.1 Sensed Bodily Changes	113
	7.1.1 Reports of Bodily Sensations During Anger	114
	7.2 Physiological Anger Responses	114
	7.2.1 Responses in Anger Versus Control Conditions	115
	7.2.1.1 Ax (1953)	115
	7.2.1.2 Funkenstein, King, and Drolette (1954)	116
	7.2.1.3 Levenson, Ekman, and Friesen (1990)	116
	7.2.1.4 Sinha, Lovallo, and Parsons (1992)	117
	7.2.1.5 Stemmler, Heldmann, Pauls, and Scherer ( 2001)	117
	7.2.2 Meta-analyses of Anger Effects	118
	7.3 Bodily Sensations and Actual Somatovisceral Responses	120
	7.4 The Issue of Specificity	122
	7.4.1 Physiological Considerations	122
	7.4.1.1 The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)	122
	7.4.1.2 Spinal and Supraspinal Control	122
	7.4.2 Physiological Maps	123
	7.4.3 The Component Model of Somatovisceral Response Organization in Anger and Fear	123
	7.4.4 The Adrenaline--Noradrenaline Hypothesis	126
	7.4.5 Anger and Alpha-Adrenergic Activation	126
	7.4.6 The Problem of Unspecific Somatovisceral Responses	128
	7.5 Conclusions	128
	References	128
	Part III Cross Cultural Expressions and Experience of Anger	132
	8 The Expression of Anger Across Cultures	133
	8.1 Universality in Facial Expressions of Anger	134
	8.2 Cultural Influences on Angry Expressions	135
	8.2.1 A Definition of Culture and Its Functions	135
	8.2.2 The Cultural Calibration of Emotion	136
	8.2.3 Cultural Calibration via Social Roles and Norms for Emotional Expression -- Cultural Display Rules	137
	8.2.4 Universality in Display Rules of Anger	137
	8.2.5 Cultural Differences in Display Rules of Anger	139
	8.2.6 Cultural Differences in Recognizing Angry Expressions	140
	8.2.7 The Influence of Culture on Anger-Related Behaviors	141
	8.3 Conclusion	142
	References	142
	9 Vocal Expressions of Anger	146
	9.1 Vocal Expressions of Anger	146
	9.2 Empirical Findings on Vocal Expression of Anger	147
	9.2.1 Selected Studies	147
	9.2.2 Summary and Limitations	151
	9.3 Confusions Among Anger and Other Emotion Terms	151
	9.4 Theories Related to the Vocal Expressions of Emotions	155
	9.4.1 The Classic View	156
	9.4.1.1 Discrete Emotions	156
	9.4.1.2 Component Processes	156
	9.4.2 Alternatives to the Classic View	157
	9.4.2.1 The Core Affect Approach	157
	9.4.2.2 The Functionalist Approach	158
	9.4.2.3 Summary	158
	9.5 Recent Theoretical Advances Relevant to Vocal Expressions of Anger	159
	9.6 Summary and Future Directions	160
	References	161
	10 Cross-Cultural Experience of Anger: A Psycholinguistic Analysis	164
	10.1 The Embodiment of Anger	165
	10.2 The Psychological Reality of Anger Metaphors	166
	10.3 The Universality of the pressurized container Metaphor for Anger	167
	10.4 Cross-Cultural and Intracultural Variation in Anger	169
	10.4.1 Specificity and Congruence of the Source	170
	10.4.2 Entailments	170
	10.4.3 Linguistic Expressions for the Same Conceptual Metaphor	171
	10.4.4 Degree of Linguistic Elaboration	171
	10.4.5 Variation in the Understanding of Anger in the Same Culture Through Time: The United States	172
	10.5 The Concept of Anger and Its Central Metaphors in Different Languages and Cultures	173
	10.5.1 The Role of Cultural Context in Variation	176
	10.6 A More Nuanced View of the Embodiment of Anger: Experiential Focus	177
	10.7 The hot fluid Metaphor in Relation to Embodiment, Culture, and Cognition	179
	10.8 Conclusions	180
	References	180
	Part IV Anger in Child Development	182
	11 The Development of Anger	183
	11.1 The Definition of Anger	183
	11.2 Studies of the Response to Goal Blockage	186
	11.3 Emotions as Approach and Withdrawal	187
	11.4 Anger and the Approach System	188
	11.5 Sadness and the Withdrawal System	189
	11.5.1 Outcomes Related to Approach and Withdrawal	189
	11.6 Sources of Individual Differences in Approach and Withdrawal at 5 Months	190
	11.6.1 Experiential Factors	190
	11.6.2 Physiological Influences	191
	11.7 Summary	192
	References	193
	12 Anger in Children's Tantrums: A New, Quantitative, BehaviorallyBased Model	198
	12.1 Introduction and Chapter Organization	198
	12.2 Phenomenology and Importance of Childhood Anger	199
	12.2.1 Rationale for Quantifying Anger	199
	12.2.2 Anger as a Coupled Response System	200
	12.2.3 Current Measures of Anger Intensity	200
	12.2.4 Coherence of Measures	201
	12.2.5 Behavioral Measures of Anger Intensity	202
	12.2.6 The Time Course of Anger	203
	12.2.7 Challenges and Opportunities for Behavioral Quantification of Anger	203
	12.2.8 Temper Tantrums: A Solution to the Problem	204
	12.3 Modeling Methods, Data, and Results	204
	12.3.1 The Data	204
	12.3.2 Principal Components Analyses	205
	12.3.3 The Model	207
	12.3.4 Comparison of Wisconsin and Minneapolis Data	209
	12.3.4.1 The MA50 as a Measure of the ''Characteristic'' Anger Intensity of Tantrum Behaviors	212
	12.4 Current Experimental Limitations and Theoretical Assumptions	213
	12.4.1 Methods	213
	12.4.2 Modeling Assumptions, Functions, and Interpretations	213
	12.5 Some Future Extensions and Applications of the Model	214
	12.5.1 Facial, Vocal, and Autonomic Expression	215
	12.5.2 Linkage Functions May Vary with Conditions	215
	12.5.3 Life Span Change vs. Continuity	215
	12.5.4 Sex Differences	216
	12.6 Implications of the Model for Theory and Research on Anger	216
	12.6.1 Appraisal	216
	12.6.2 Display Rules: Anger Regulation in Social Context	217
	12.6.3 Caveats	217
	12.7 The Anger Intensity-Behavioral Linkage Function Model and the Brain	217
	12.7.1 Spinal Motor Neurons	218
	12.7.2 The Temporal Organization of Anxiety and Fear	218
	References	219
	13 The Development of Anger from Preschool to Middle Childhood: Expressing, Understanding, and Regulating Anger	223
	13.1 Expressing Anger: Learning When, to Whom, and How	223
	13.2 Perceiving and Understanding Anger	226
	13.3 Regulating Anger	227
	13.4 Conclusions	229
	References	230
	14 Anger and the ReactiveProactive Aggression Distinction in Childhood and Adolescence	234
	14.1 Questionnaire-Based Studies of Anger and Reactive Versus Proactive Aggression	235
	14.2 Laboratory-Based Studies of Anger and Reactive Versus Proactive Aggression	235
	14.3 Assessment of Reactive and Proactive Aggression in Children	237
	14.3.1 The Questionnaire Developed by Dodge and Coie ( 1987 )	237
	14.3.2 Other Questionnaire Measures of Reactive and Proactive Aggression	238
	14.3.3 Observational or Laboratory-Based Approaches to Measuring Reactive and Proactive Aggression	240
	14.4 In Conclusion	240
	References	241
	Part V Appraisal and Information Processing in Anger	243
	15 Why Do I Get Angry? A Componential Appraisal Approach	244
	15.1 Introduction	245
	15.2 Different Models of Emotion	245
	15.2.1 Componential Appraisal Models	246
	15.2.2 Appraisal Processes	247
	15.2.3 Why Do I Feel Angry?	249
	15.3 What Does Anger Look Like?	250
	15.3.1 Aggression Is Not Anger	250
	15.3.2 Are There Typical Facial, Vocal, and Physiological Expressions or Patterns for Anger?	251
	15.3.3 Anger Expressions Can Be Functional	252
	15.3.4 Motivational Components or Action Tendencies	253
	15.3.5 Appraisal Processes Integrate Knowledge About Social Context and Norms	254
	15.4 Using the Componential Appraisal Approach to Understand Different Anger Experiences: Anger at Others Versus Anger at the Self	255
	15.5 Individual Differences in Anger Experience	257
	15.5.1 Appraisal Biases	257
	15.5.1.1 Relevance Detection	259
	15.5.1.2 Implication Assessment	259
	15.5.1.3 Coping Potential	260
	15.5.1.4 Normative Significance	260
	15.6 Conclusions	261
	15.6.1 Practical Implications	261
	References	262
	16 Appraisals and Anger: How Complete Are the Usual Appraisal Accounts of Anger?	268
	16.1 Guiding Conceptions and Definitions	269
	16.1.1 Anger	269
	16.1.1.1 How Broad Should the Concept of Anger Be ?	269
	16.1.2 Appraisals	270
	16.1.2.1 Are Appraisals Antecedents of Emotions?	270
	16.2 Appraisal Features Theoretically Responsible for Anger	271
	16.2.1 Goal Attainment	271
	16.2.2 External Agency and Blame	272
	16.2.3 Legitimacy	273
	16.3 Research into Conditions Generating Anger	274
	16.3.1 Must the Frustration Be Personally Significant?	274
	16.3.2 Must the Frustration Be Improper?	275
	16.3.3 Blame: The Problem of Causal Direction	276
	16.3.4 Must There Be an External Cause of the Negative Event?	276
	16.3.5 Some Questions About Coping Potential	277
	16.4 Other Influences on Anger Arousal	279
	16.4.1 Aversive States of Affairs	279
	16.4.1.1 Pain and Stress	280
	16.5 Effects of Emotion-Related Muscular Movements	281
	16.6 Conclusions	283
	References	283
	17 Fuel in the Fire: How Anger Impacts Judgment and Decision-Making	288
	17.1 Anger and the Appraisal-Tendency Framework	289
	17.2 How Decision Researchers Have Studied Anger	292
	17.2.1 Inferring the Presence of Anger	293
	17.2.2 Measuring Anger	293
	17.2.3 Manipulating Anger	293
	17.2.4 Manipulating and Measuring Anger	294
	17.3 The Unique Effects of Anger on Judgment and Decision-Making	294
	17.3.1 Outcome Effects of Anger	296
	17.3.1.1 Effects on Attribution and Evaluation	296
	17.3.1.2 Effects on Risk Perception and Risk Preference	297
	17.3.2 Process Effects of Anger	299
	17.3.2.1 Attention Effects	299
	17.3.2.2 Depth-of-Processing Effects	299
	17.4 Possible Mechanisms Underlying Anger Effects Predicted by the ATF	301
	17.4.1 Associative Network Mechanisms	301
	17.4.2 Informational Mechanisms	301
	17.4.3 Motivational Mechanisms	302
	17.5 Is Anger a Negative or a Positive Emotion?	302
	17.6 Conclusion	305
	References	306
	Biographical Author Sketch	310
	18 State and Trait Anger, Fear, and Social Information Processing	312
	18.1 Adaptive Function of Anger	313
	18.2 Angry States and Attention and Information Processing	314
	18.3 Trait Anger and Attention and Information Processing	315
	18.4 The Perception of Anger and Threat	316
	18.4.1 Etiology and Development	317
	18.4.2 Fear and the Perception of Anger and Threat	318
	18.4.3 Socialization of Threat	320
	18.4.4 Other Correlates of the Processing of Anger and Threat	320
	18.5 Conclusion	321
	References	321
	Part VI Lifespan Changes and Gender Differences in Anger	327
	19 The Sociological Study of Anger: Basic Social Patterns and Contexts	328
	19.1 Background	329
	19.2 Social Patterns of Anger	331
	19.2.1 Age and Anger	331
	19.2.1.1 External Versus Internal Factors	333
	19.2.2 Gender and Anger	336
	19.2.3 Social Class and Anger	338
	19.3 Conclusion	344
	References	344
	20 Anger in the Context of Gender	347
	20.1 A contextual View on Gender and Emotions	347
	20.2 Evidence for the Angry Male or the Non-angry Female?	348
	20.3 Anger and Role-Related Concerns	351
	20.4 Social Appraisal Theory and Anger Regulation	353
	20.5 Conclusion	355
	References	356
	21 Madmen: An Evolutionary Perspective on Anger and Men's Violent Responses to Transgression	359
	21.1 Time Discounting and the Response to Transgression: Why Over-reacting Pays Off	360
	21.2 Sex Differences in the Outcome Behaviors Associated with Anger	361
	21.3 The Evolutionary Origins of Sex Differences in Responses to Transgression	363
	21.4 Sex Differences in Non-aggressive Risk Taking	364
	21.4.1 Aggressiveness and Impulsivity, Constituents of the Male Flash of Anger	365
	21.4.2 Probable Physiological Substrates of the Male Flash of Anger	366
	21.5 Adaptive Modulation of Risk Taking	366
	21.5.1 Changes Across the Male Life Cycle	367
	21.5.2 Reproductive Status and Male Risk Taking	370
	21.6 Interindividual Variation in Innate Propensities	372
	21.6.1 Culture and Genetic Variation in the Male Flash of Anger	372
	21.7 Moral Outrage: A Uniquely Human Form of Anger	373
	References	374
	Part VII Time Course of Anger: State, Trait and the Persistence of Vengefulness	380
	22 The Temporal Dynamics of Anger: Phenomena, Processes, and Perplexities	381
	22.1 Introduction	381
	22.2 The Persistence of Anger	383
	22.3 The Escalation of Anger	385
	22.4 Anger Priming: A Specific Paradigm of Escalation	386
	22.5 Out-of-control Anger	387
	22.5.1 Mechanisms of OOC	387
	22.6 The Trajectory of Anger	388
	22.7 The Termination of Anger: Decay, Quenching, Catharsis or?	389
	22.7.1 Decay	389
	22.7.2 Quenching	390
	22.7.3 Catharsis	390
	22.8 Summary	392
	References	393
	23 The Nature and Measurement of Anger	398
	23.1 Anger, Hostility, and Aggression	400
	23.1.1 Measures of Hostility and Anger	401
	23.1.2 The State--Trait Anger Scale (STAS)	402
	23.1.3 Concurrent and Construct Validity of the STAS	404
	23.2 Research on the Experience, Expression, and Control of Anger	404
	References	406
	24 ``Righteous'' Anger and Revenge in the Workplace: The Fantasies,the Feuds, the Forgiveness	408
	24.1 Righteous Anger and Revenge: It Begins with the Sense of Injustice	409
	24.2 Our Model: From Provocation to Righteous Anger to Revenge	410
	24.2.1 Offense	411
	24.2.1.1 Goal Obstruction	411
	24.2.1.2 Violation of Rules, Norms, or Promises	411
	24.2.1.3 Status and Power Derogation	411
	24.2.2 Appraisal Process	411
	24.2.2.1 Hypervigilance	413
	24.2.2.2 Rumination	413
	24.2.2.3 Exaggerated Self-Reference	414
	24.2.2.4 Exaggerated Perceptions of Conspiracy	414
	24.2.2.5 Actor--Observer Bias	414
	24.2.2.6 Sinister Attribution Error	415
	24.2.2.7 Confirmation Bias	415
	24.2.2.8 Social Information	415
	24.2.3 Righteous Anger and the Desire for Revenge	416
	24.2.3.1 Surprise	416
	24.2.3.2 Intensity	417
	24.2.3.3 Moral Righteousness	417
	24.2.3.4 Fear	417
	24.2.3.5 Rumination	417
	24.2.4 Coping Responses	418
	24.2.4.1 Justification	418
	24.2.4.2 Fantasizing	418
	24.2.4.3 Forgiveness	419
	24.2.4.4 Avoidance	419
	24.2.4.5 Revenge	419
	24.2.4.6 Reconciliation	420
	24.2.5 Moderator Variables	420
	24.2.5.1 Power	420
	24.2.5.2 Procedural Justice Climate	420
	24.2.5.3 Personality Traits	421
	24.3 Sense-Making Gone Really Bad: When Revenge Causes Feuds	421
	24.3.1 Biased Punctuation of Conflict History	421
	24.4 Conclusion	423
	References	424
	Part VIII Clinical Aspects of Anger	427
	25 Anger/Hostility and Cardiovascular Disease	428
	25.1 Trait Anger/Chronic Hostility	429
	25.1.1 New CVD/CHD Events	429
	25.1.2 Recurrent CVD/CHD Events	431
	25.1.3 Stroke	432
	25.1.4 Atherosclerosis	432
	25.2 Anger Expression and Control	433
	25.2.1 New CVD/CHD Events	433
	25.2.2 Stroke	434
	25.2.3 Atherosclerosis	434
	25.3 Acute Anger Episodes	434
	25.4 Putative Mechanisms	435
	25.5 Summary and Conclusions	437
	References	437
	26 The Anger of Pain Sufferers: Attributions to Agents and Appraisalsof Wrongdoings	441
	26.1 Introduction	441
	26.2 Phenomenon of Anger	442
	26.2.1 Anger Versus Aggression	443
	26.3 The Anger of Pain: Where Is the Provocation or Wrongdoing?	443
	26.3.1 Pain Personified	444
	26.3.2 Anger Deflected	444
	26.4 Targets of Anger	445
	26.4.1 The Arch Perpetrator	445
	26.4.2 Health-Care Providers	445
	26.4.3 Mental Health Professionals	447
	26.4.4 Insurance Carriers, Legal Systems, and Employers	447
	26.4.5 Et Tu Significant Other?	448
	26.4.6 The Whole World and God	449
	26.5 The Anger of Pain: Non-cognitive Mechanisms?	449
	26.6 Other Interactions Between Anger and Pain	451
	26.6.1 Anger as Co-occurrent	451
	26.6.2 Anger as Correlate	451
	26.6.3 Anger as Predisposing Factor	451
	26.6.4 Anger as Precipitant	452
	26.6.5 Anger as Exacerbating Factor	452
	26.6.6 Anger as Perpetuating Factor	452
	26.6.7 Anger as Consequence	453
	26.7 Conclusion	453
	References	453
	27 Anger and Psychopathology	457
	27.1 Current Contextual Background	459
	27.2 Anger and Psychotic Disorders	460
	27.2.1 Temporary ''Insanity'' and the Provocation Defense	463
	27.3 Anger and Mood Disorders	464
	27.3.1 Anger, Depression, and Violence	466
	27.4 Anger and Anxiety Disorders	467
	27.4.1 Anger and PTSD	468
	27.5 Intermittent Explosive Disorder	470
	27.6 Anger and Personality Disorder	471
	27.6.1 Paranoid Personality	471
	27.6.2 Borderline Personality	472
	27.6.3 Antisocial Personality	473
	27.6.4 Narcissistic Personality	474
	27.7 Anger and Intellectual Disabilities (Mental Retardation)	475
	27.8 Anger and Dementia	476
	27.9 Concluding Reflections on Anger and Psychopathology	477
	References	478
	28 Toward an Integrative Psychotherapy for Maladaptive Anger	490
	28.1 Introduction	490
	28.1.1 Why Treat Anger?	491
	28.1.2 The Target of Anger Treatment	492
	28.2 Past Prescriptions for Anger Management	492
	28.2.1 Standalone Techniques	492
	28.2.2 Philosophico-Religious Approaches	493
	28.2.3 Psychological Approaches	493
	28.2.4 Combinations of Techniques	494
	28.3 An Integrative Program for Anger Regulation	495
	28.3.1 The Prevention Phase	497
	28.3.2 The Intervention Phase	498
	28.3.3 The Postvention Phase	499
	28.3.4 CBAT Outcome	500
	28.4 Further Considerations	501
	References	501
	Part IX Conflict and Anger in Family, Workplace, and Community	505
	29 The Contribution of Child Anger and Fear, and Parental Discipline to Early Antisocial Behavior: An Integrative Model	506
	29.1 Introduction	506
	29.2 Development of Antisocial Behavior	507
	29.3 EmotionalMotivational Processes and Frontal Executive Regulation	509
	29.4 Social Learning in ChildParent Interaction	510
	29.5 An Integrative Model of Emotion Regulation, Family Processes, and the Development of Antisocial Behavior	511
	29.6 An Empirical Test of the Model	513
	29.6.1 Child P-AGG and COV	513
	29.6.2 Discipline	514
	29.6.3 Discipline and P-AGG and COV	514
	29.7 Child Emotional Reactivity and Frontal Executive Regulation	515
	29.8 Tests of the Integrated Model	516
	29.8.1 Main Effects of Discipline	517
	29.8.2 Main Effects of Child Anger, Fear, and Executive Control	518
	29.8.3 Synergistic Effects of Discipline and Child Self-regulation	518
	29.8.4 Summary of Findings	518
	29.9 Research on Emotions: Implications, Extensions, and New Opportunities	519
	29.9.1 Implications	519
	29.9.2 Extensions	520
	29.9.3 New Opportunities	520
	References	521
	30 Anger in Intimate Relationships	524
	30.1 Anger in Intimate Relationships	524
	30.2 Trait Anger in Intimately Violent Males	525
	30.3 Anger as an Attachment Response	525
	30.4 Anger as a Symptom of Personality Disorder	526
	30.5 Conflict Studies	527
	30.6 The Articulated Thoughts in Simulated Situations Technique	529
	30.7 Anger in Abusive Females	530
	30.8 Interactive Anger Expression	530
	References	532
	31 Don't Worry, Be Angry? Effects of Anger on Feelings, Thoughts, and Actions in Conflict and Negotiation	534
	31.1 Intrapersonal Effects	535
	31.1.1 Feelings	535
	31.1.2 Thoughts	536
	31.1.3 Actions	537
	31.1.4 Recap and Remarks	538
	31.2 Interpersonal Effects	539
	31.2.1 Feelings	539
	31.2.2 Thoughts	539
	31.2.3 Actions	540
	31.2.3.1 From Feeling to Acting	540
	31.2.3.2 From Thinking to Acting	541
	31.2.3.3 Moderators	541
	31.2.3.4 Integrating Feelings, Thoughts, and Actions	542
	31.2.4 Recap and Remarks	543
	31.3 Conclusion	544
	References	545
	32 Anger, Violence, and Political Science	549
	32.1 Introduction	549
	32.2 Political Violence and Political Science	550
	32.3 Anger and Political Violence	554
	32.3.1 Problems with the Psychology Approach to Anger	556
	32.3.2 Developing an Analytical Framework Based on an Understanding of Emotion and Anger	557
	32.4 Application to Colombia This section is from Roger Petersen and Sarah Zukermans Revenge or Reconciliation: Theory and Method of Emotions in the Context of Colombias Peace Process , 2009 in the Peace Research Institute of Oslos Forum for International Criminal Justice and Conflict publication series. Spanish version to be published in Colombia by the Vice Presidency and the Universidad del Rosario Press.	562
	32.5 Generating Hypotheses from a Conceptual Framework of Anger	564
	32.6 Conclusions	566
	References	567
	Subject Index	570