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Preface |
5 |
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List of Contents |
8 |
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List of Contributors |
10 |
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Factors Involved in Self-Renewal and Pluripotency of Embryonic StemCells |
11 |
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Introduction |
12 |
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Extrinsic Factors GoverningMaintenance of the Undifferentiated State of ES Cells |
13 |
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Intrinsic Factors GoverningMaintenance of the Undifferentiated State of Embryonic StemCells |
18 |
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Summary |
23 |
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References |
24 |
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Embryonic StemCell-Derived Embryoid Bodies: An In VitroModel of Eutherian Pregastrulation Development and Early Gastrulation |
30 |
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Introduction |
30 |
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The Genesis of the Embryoid Body |
31 |
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The Influence of Embryonic StemCell Lines on Embryoid Body Development |
35 |
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Pregastrulation-Like Development of Embryoid Bodies |
38 |
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Gastrulation-Like Development in Embryoid Bodies |
44 |
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Developmental Noise or Chaos in Embryoid Bodies |
48 |
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Perspectives |
49 |
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Conclusions |
50 |
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References |
51 |
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Embryonic StemCells: A Novel Tool for the Study of Antiangiogenesis and Tumor-Induced Angiogenesis |
61 |
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Introduction |
62 |
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CurrentMethods for Assaying Angiogenesis In Vitro |
63 |
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Angiogenesis in Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Embryoid Bodies |
64 |
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Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Embryoid Bodies as a Tool for Antiangiogenesis Research |
66 |
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Embryonic StemCell-Derived Embryoid Bodies to Study Tumor-Induced Angiogenesis |
70 |
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Conclusions and Outlook |
74 |
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References |
75 |
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Cardiac Repair by Embryonic Stem-Derived Cells |
80 |
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Introduction |
81 |
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Cell Transplantation for Cardiac Repair |
81 |
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Cardiomyogenic Differentiation in Embryonic StemCells |
88 |
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Experiences with Embryonic Stem-Derived Cardiomyocyte Transplantation |
92 |
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Large-Scale Generation of Embryonic Stem-Derived Cardiomyocytes |
97 |
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Conclusions |
99 |
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References |
100 |
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Cardiomyocytes from Human Embryonic Stem Cells |
108 |
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Introduction |
109 |
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Development of the Mammalian Heart |
109 |
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Cardiomyocytes from Embryonic Stem Cells |
116 |
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Characteristics of Human Embryonic StemCell-Derived Cardiomyocytes |
120 |
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Applications and Conclusions |
124 |
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References |
125 |
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Autocrine and Intracrine Signaling for Cardiogenesis in Embryonic StemCells: A Clue for the Development of Novel Differentiating Agents |
130 |
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Introduction |
131 |
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Leukemia Inhibitory Factor |
133 |
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TheWnt Pathway |
134 |
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Endorphins and Autocrine Regulation of Protein Kinase C Signaling in Cardiogenesis |
138 |
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Intracrine Regulation of Cell Growth and Differentiation: Role for a Nuclear Endorphinergic System in Stem Cell Cardiogenesis |
140 |
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Molecular Dissection of Embryonic Stem Cell Cardiogenesis: |
144 |
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A Clue for the Development of Novel Differentiating Agents |
144 |
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References |
147 |
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Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells in Diabetes |
154 |
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Introduction |
155 |
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Embryonic StemCells |
157 |
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Adult StemCells and Somatic Cells |
166 |
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Pancreas Regeneration |
168 |
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References |
170 |
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The Stem Cell Continuum: A New Model of StemCell Regulation |
175 |
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Introduction |
176 |
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The Hierarchy |
176 |
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The Continuum |
178 |
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Engraftment |
180 |
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Homing |
181 |
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Switch to a Progenitor Phenotype: The Progenitor/Stem Cell Inversion |
183 |
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Differentiation Hotspots in Cell Cycle Transit |
184 |
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Global Gene Expression and Other Stem Cell-Specific Gene Expression |
184 |
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Plasticity and Plasticity: Plasticity Squared |
185 |
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A Continuum Model of Hematopoiesis |
185 |
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References |
187 |
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Markers of Adult Tissue-Based StemCells |
190 |
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Introduction |
191 |
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Common Attributes of Stem Cells |
192 |
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Organ-Specific Stem Cells |
200 |
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Conclusions |
222 |
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References |
223 |
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Designer Cytokines for Human Haematopoietic Progenitor Cell Expansion: Impact for Tissue Regeneration |
233 |
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Introduction |
234 |
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Cytokines and Haematopoietic Stem Cells |
235 |
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Cytokines and Embryonic Stem Cells |
241 |
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Expansion of Haematopoietic StemCells |
242 |
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Outlook |
245 |
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References |
246 |
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Mesenchymal StemCells: Isolation, In Vitro Expansion and Characterization |
252 |
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Introduction |
253 |
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The Identity of the Mesenchymal Stem Cell |
254 |
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Distribution of theMesenchymal Stem Cell |
258 |
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Isolation and Culture ofMesenchymal Stem Cells |
259 |
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Homing and Engraftment of Transplanted Mesenchymal Stem Cells |
262 |
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Characterization of Mesenchymal StemCells |
263 |
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Differentiation ofMesenchymal Stem Cells |
265 |
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Applications of Mesenchymal StemCells in Cell and Gene Therapy |
266 |
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Pharmacologic Aspects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biology |
274 |
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Conclusions |
275 |
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References |
277 |
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Neovascularization and Cardiac Repair by Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells |
286 |
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Introduction |
287 |
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Neovascularization |
287 |
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Cardiac Repair |
288 |
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Summary |
296 |
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References |
297 |
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The Potential Use ofMyogenic Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine |
302 |
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Introduction |
303 |
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Muscle Regeneration |
303 |
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Myogenic Stem Cells |
306 |
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Conclusion |
315 |
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References |
316 |
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Neural Stem Cells: OnWhere They Hide, in Which Disguise, and HowWe May Lure Them Out |
321 |
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Introductory Remarks |
322 |
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The Biology of the Adult Neural Stem Cell |
322 |
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The Perspectives of Cell Replacement Therapy |
341 |
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When Stem Cells Turn Awry |
348 |
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References |
351 |
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Cell Transplantation for Patients with Parkinson’s Disease |
363 |
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Introduction: Parkinson’s Disease |
364 |
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Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease |
365 |
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Animal Experiments: The Proof of Principle |
366 |
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Clinical Trials in Parkinson’s Disease: What Cells to Graft? |
369 |
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The Grafting Technique |
370 |
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Grafting Embryonic Tissue: Does It Improve the Patient’s Symptoms? |
370 |
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Alternative Cell Sources |
375 |
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Harvesting Endogenous Stem Cells: Self-Repair of the Brain? |
380 |
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Conclusions |
381 |
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References |
382 |
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Postmodern Biology: (Adult) (Stem) Cells Are Plastic, Stochastic, Complex, and Uncertain |
391 |
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Introduction |
392 |
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Pathways of Plasticity |
394 |
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Gene Restrictions: Irreversible Versus Reversible |
395 |
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Stochasticity Versus Determinism in Cell Behavior |
400 |
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Complexity Theory and Emergence of Cellular Phenomena |
402 |
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Cellular Uncertainty: Analogy or Metaphor? |
404 |
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Postmodern Biology |
405 |
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References |
407 |
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Subject Index |
411 |
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