Contents	5
	Foreword	9
	Introduction	11
	1.1 Catalysis and Biocatalysis	11
	1.2 Enzymes as Catalysts. Structure–Functionality Relationships	14
	1.3 The Concept and Determination of Enzyme Activity	18
	1.4 Enzyme Classes. Properties and Technological Signi.cance	26
	1.5 Applications of Enzymes. Enzyme as Process Catalysts	29
	1.6 Enzyme Processes: the Evolution from Degradation to Synthesis. Biocatalysis in Aqueous and Non- conventional Media	41
	Nomenclature	49
	References	49
	Enzyme Production	67
	2.1 Enzyme Sources	67
	2.2 Production of Enzymes	70
	Nomenclature	98
	References	99
	Homogeneous Enzyme Kinetics	117
	3.1 General Aspects	117
	3.2 Hypothesis of Enzyme Kinetics. Determination of Kinetic Parameters	118
	3.3 Kinetics of Enzyme Inhibition	126
	3.4 Reactions with More than One Substrate	134
	3.5 Environmental Variables in Enzyme Kinetics	143
	Nomenclature	159
	References	161
	Heterogeneous Enzyme Kinetics	164
	4.1 Enzyme Immobilization	164
	4.2 Heterogeneous Kinetics: Apparent, Inherent and Intrinsic Kinetics	178
	4.3 Partition Effects	180
	4.4 Diffusional Restrictions	181
	Nomenclature	204
	References	206
	Enzyme Reactors	213
	5.1 Types of Reactors, Modes of Operation	213
	5.2 Basic Design of Enzyme Reactors	215
	5.3 Effect of Diffusional Restrictions on Enzyme Reactor Design and Performance in Heterogeneous Systems. Determination of Effectiveness Factors. Batch Reactor	231
	5.4 Effect of Thermal Inactivation on Enzyme Reactor Design and Performance	232
	Nomenclature	254
	References	256
	Study Cases of Enzymatic Processes	260
	6.1 Proteases as Catalysts for Peptide Synthesis	260
	References	275
	6.2 Synthesis of	280
	Lactam	280
	Antibiotics with Penicillin Acylases	280
	References	292
	6.3 Chimioselective Esteri.cation of Wood Sterols with Lipases	299
	References	322
	6.4 Oxidoreductases as Powerful Biocatalysts for Green Chemistry	330
	References	339
	6.5 Use of Aldolases for Asymmetric Synthesis	340
	References	359
	6.6 Application of Enzymatic Reactors for the Degradation of Highly and Poorly Soluble Recalcitrant Compounds	362
	References	382
	Index	386