Cover	1
	Title Page	5
	Copyright Page	6
	Contents	7
	Preface	11
	List of Symbols	13
	About the Companion Website	17
	Chapter 1: Introduction and Basic Principles	20
	1.1 Electrochemical Cells	20
	1.2 Characteristics of Electrochemical Reactions	21
	1.3 Importance of ElectrochemicalSystems	23
	1.4 Scientific Units, Constants, Conventions	24
	1.5 Faraday’s Law	25
	1.6 Faradaic Efficiency	27
	1.7 Current Density	28
	1.8 Potential and Ohm’s Law	28
	1.9 Electrochemical Systems: Example	29
	Closure	32
	Further Reading	32
	Problems	32
	Chapter 2: Cell Potential and Thermodynamics	34
	2.1 Electrochemical Reactions	34
	2.2 Cell Potential	34
	2.3 Expression for Cell Potential	36
	2.4 Standard Potentials	37
	2.5 Effect of Temperature on StandardPotential	40
	2.6 Simplified Activity Correction	41
	2.7 Use of the Cell Potential	43
	2.8 Equilibrium Constants	44
	2.9 Pourbaix Diagrams	44
	2.10 Cells with a Liquid Junction	46
	2.11 Reference Electrodes	46
	2.12 Equilibrium at Electrode Interface	49
	2.13 Potential in Solution Due to Charge: Debye–Hückel Theory	50
	2.14 Activities and Activity Coefficients	52
	2.15 Estimation of Activity Coefficients	54
	Closure	55
	Further Reading	55
	Problems	55
	Chapter 3: Electrochemical Kinetics	60
	3.1 Double Layer	60
	3.2 Impact of Potential on Reaction Rate	61
	3.3 Use of the Butler–Volmer Kinetic Expression	65
	3.4 Reaction Fundamentals	68
	3.5 Simplified Forms of the Butler–VolmerEquation	69
	3.6 Direct Fitting of the Butler–VolmerEquation	71
	3.7 The Influence of Mass Transfer on the Reaction Rate	73
	3.8 Use of Kinetic Expressions in Full Cells	74
	3.9 Current Efficiency	77
	Closure	77
	Further Reading	78
	Problems	78
	Chapter 4: Transport	82
	4.1 Fick’s Law	82
	4.2 Nernst–Planck Equation	82
	4.3 Conservation of Material	84
	4.4 Transference Numbers, Mobilities, and Migration	90
	4.5 Convective Mass Transfer	94
	4.6 Concentration Overpotential	98
	4.7 Current Distribution	101
	4.8 Membrane Transport	105
	Closure	107
	Further Reading	107
	Problems	107
	Chapter 5: Electrode Structures and Configurations	112
	5.1 Mathematical Description of Porous Electrodes	113
	5.2 Characterization of Porous Electrodes	115
	5.3 Impact of Porous Electrode onTransport	116
	5.4 Current Distributions in Porous Electrodes	117
	5.5 The Gas–Liquid Interface in Porous Electrodes	121
	5.6 Three-Phase Electrodes	122
	5.7 Electrodes with Flow	124
	Closure	127
	Further Reading	127
	Problems	127
	Chapter 6: Electroanalytical Techniques and Analysis of Electrochemical Systems	132
	6.1 Electrochemical Cells, Instrumentation, and Some Practical Issues	132
	6.2 Overview	134
	6.3 Step Change in Potential or Current for a Semi-Infinite Planar Electrode in a Stagnant Electrolyte	135
	6.4 Electrode Kinetics and Double-Layer Charging	137
	6.5 Cyclic Voltammetry	141
	6.6 Stripping Analyses	146
	6.7 Electrochemical Impedance	148
	6.8 Rotating Disk Electrodes	155
	6.9 iR Compensation	158
	6.10 Microelectrodes	160
	Closure	164
	Further Reading	164
	Problems	164
	Chapter 7: Battery Fundamentals	170
	7.1 Components of a Cell	170
	7.2 Classification of Batteries and Cell Chemistries	171
	7.3 Theoretical Capacity and State of Charge	175
	7.4 Cell Characteristics and Electrochemical Performance	177
	7.5 Ragone Plots	182
	7.6 Heat Generation	183
	7.7 Efficiency of Secondary Cells	185
	7.8 Charge Retention and Self-Discharge	186
	7.9 Capacity Fade in Secondary Cells	187
	Closure	188
	Further Reading	188
	Problems	188
	Chapter 8: Battery Applications: Cell and Battery Pack Design	194
	8.1 Introduction to Battery Design	194
	8.2 Battery Layout Using a Specific Cell Design	195
	8.3 Scaling of Cells to Adjust Capacity	197
	8.4 Electrode and Cell Design to Achieve Rate Capability	200
	8.5 Cell Construction	202
	8.6 Charging of Batteries	203
	8.7 Use of Resistance to Characterize Battery Peformance	204
	8.8 Battery Management	205
	8.9 Thermal Management Systems	207
	8.10 Mechanical Considerations	209
	Closure	210
	Further Reading	210
	Problems	210
	Chapter 9: Fuel-Cell Fundamentals	214
	9.1 Introduction	214
	9.2 Types of Fuel Cells	216
	9.3 Current–Voltage Characteristics and Polarizations	217
	9.4 Effect of Operating Conditions andMaximum Power	221
	9.5 Electrode Structure	224
	9.6 Proton-Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells	225
	9.7 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells	230
	Closure	234
	Further Reading	234
	Problems	235
	Chapter 10: Fuel-Cell Stack and System Design	242
	10.1 Introduction and Overview of Systems Analysis	242
	10.2 Basic Stack Design Concepts	245
	10.3 Cell Stack Configurations	247
	10.4 Basic Construction and Components	248
	10.5 Utilization of Oxidant and Fuel	250
	10.6 Flow-Field Design	254
	10.7 Water and Thermal Management	257
	10.8 Structural–MechanicalConsiderations	260
	10.9 Case Study	264
	Closure	266
	Further Reading	266
	Problems	266
	Chapter 11: Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitors	270
	11.1 Capacitor Introduction	270
	11.2 Electrical Double-Layer Capacitance	272
	11.3 Current–Voltage Relationship for Capacitors	278
	11.4 Porous EDLC Electrodes	280
	11.5 Impedance Analysis of EDLCs	282
	11.6 Full Cell EDLC Analysis	285
	11.7 Power and Energy Capabilities	286
	11.8 Cell Design, Practical Operation, andElectrochemical Capacitor Performance	288
	11.9 Pseudo-Capacitance	290
	Closure	292
	Further Reading	292
	Problems	292
	Chapter 12: Energy Storage and Conversion for Hybrid and Electrical Vehicles	296
	12.1 Why Electric and Hybrid-ElectricSystems?	296
	12.2 Driving Schedules and Power Demand in Vehicles	298
	12.3 Regenerative Braking	300
	12.4 Battery Electrical Vehicle	301
	12.5 Hybrid Vehicle Architectures	303
	12.6 Start–Stop Hybrid	304
	12.7 Batteries for Full-Hybrid Electric Vehicles	306
	12.8 Fuel-Cell Hybrid Systems for Vehicles	310
	Closure	312
	Further Reading	313
	Problems	313
	Appendix: Primer on Vehicle Dynamics	314
	Chapter 13: Electrodeposition	318
	13.1 Overview	318
	13.2 Faraday’s Law and Deposit Thickness	319
	13.3 Electrodeposition Fundamentals	319
	13.4 Formation of Stable Nuclei	322
	13.5 Nucleation Rates	324
	13.6 Growth of Nuclei	327
	13.7 Deposit Morphology	329
	13.8 Additives	330
	13.9 Impact of Current Distribution	331
	13.10 Impact of Side Reactions	333
	13.11 Resistive Substrates	335
	Closure	338
	Further Reading	338
	Problems	338
	Chapter 14: Industrial Electrolysis, Electrochemical Reactors, and Redox-Flow Batteries	342
	14.1 Overview of Industrial Electrolysis	342
	14.2 Performance Measures	343
	14.3 Voltage Losses and the Polarization Curve	347
	14.4 Design of Electrochemical Reactors for Industrial Applications	350
	14.5 Examples of Industrial Electrolytic Processes	356
	14.6 Thermal Management and Cell Operation	360
	14.7 Electrolytic Processes for a Sustainable Future	362
	14.8 Redox-Flow Batteries	367
	Closure	369
	Further Reading	369
	Problems	369
	Chapter 15: Semiconductor Electrodes and Photoelectrochemical Cells	374
	15.1 Semiconductor Basics	374
	15.2 Energy Scales	377
	15.3 Semiconductor–Electrolyte Interface	379
	15.4 Current Flow in the Dark	382
	15.5 Light Absorption	385
	15.6 Photoelectrochemical Effects	387
	15.7 Open-Circuit Voltage for Illuminated Electrodes	388
	15.8 Photo-Electrochemical Cells	389
	Closure	394
	Further Reading	394
	Problems	394
	Chapter 16: Corrosion	398
	16.1 Corrosion Fundamentals	398
	16.2 Thermodynamics of Corrosion Systems	399
	16.3 Corrosion Rate for Uniform Corrosion	402
	16.4 Localized Corrosion	409
	16.5 Corrosion Protection	413
	Closure	418
	Further Reading	418
	Problems	418
	Appendix A: Electrochemical Reactions and Standard Potentials	422
	Appendix B: Fundamental Constants	423
	Appendix C: Thermodynamic Data	424
	Appendix D: Mechanics of Materials	427
	Index	432
	End User License Agreement	437