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Book Cover |
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Title |
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Copyright |
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CONTENTS |
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INTRODUCTION |
9 |
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Part I EARLY GREEK THINKERS - Moral determinism and individual responsibility |
17 |
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1 HOMER AND THE ILIAD |
19 |
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1 War: its hazards and necessities |
19 |
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2 Simone Weil on the Iliad: necessity and grace |
21 |
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3 Homer’s objectivity: love and detachment |
24 |
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4 The world of human bondage and the possibility of freedom |
26 |
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2 SOPHOCLES’ OEDIPUS |
29 |
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1 The meaning of fate and its way of working in Oedipus’ life |
29 |
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2 Oedipus’ lack of self-knowledge and the way it seals his fate |
31 |
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3 Freud’s Oedipus complex and the play |
37 |
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4 Oedipus’ lack of freedom and his downfall |
39 |
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5 Conclusion: was Sophocles a determinist? |
41 |
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3 PLATO AND MORAL DETERMINISM |
43 |
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1 Good, evil and self-mastery – the Phaedrus |
43 |
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2 Freedom and self-mastery – the Gorgias |
47 |
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3 Love of goodness and slavery to evil |
50 |
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4 Conclusionj moral knowledge and freedom |
55 |
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4 ARISTOTLE |
57 |
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1 Aristotle’s treatment of voluntary action and moral responsibility |
57 |
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2 Are vices voluntary? |
62 |
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3 Self-mastery and weakness of will |
67 |
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4 Conclusion |
73 |
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5 ST AUGUSTINE |
79 |
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1 Introduction |
79 |
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2 The reality of free will |
81 |
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3 Good and evil: free will and God’s grace |
83 |
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4 Free will and God’s foreknowledge |
90 |
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5 Conclusion |
94 |
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Part II THE COMING OF AGE OF CHRISTIANITY - Morality, theology and freedom of the will |
77 |
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6 ST THOMAS AQUINAS |
97 |
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1 Introduction |
97 |
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2 The will as rational appetite and its freedom |
98 |
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3 The will and the intellect: good and evil |
105 |
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4 Free will, goodness and grace |
110 |
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5 Free will and God’s foreknowledge |
112 |
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6 Conclusion |
114 |
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Part III THE RISE OF SCIENCE - Universal causation and human agency |
119 |
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7 DESCARTES’ DUALISM |
121 |
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1 The mind and the body |
121 |
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2 Human action and the will |
127 |
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3 Freedom of the will in Descartes |
131 |
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8 SPINOZA |
135 |
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1 Introduction |
135 |
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2 The most fundamental of Spinoza’s conceptions of determinism |
139 |
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3 DetachmentW acceptance and self-knowledge |
142 |
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4 Finding freedom through yielding to the inevitable |
144 |
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9 HUME AND KANT |
149 |
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1 ‘Passion and reasonW self-division’s cause’ |
149 |
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2 Hume and Kantj a conceptual dichotomy |
151 |
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3 Kant and Hume on free will and determinism |
158 |
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4 Kant’s conception of psychology as an ‘ anthropological science’ |
166 |
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Part IV THE AGE OF PSYCHOLOGY - Reason and feeling, causality and free will |
171 |
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10 SCHOPENHAUER |
173 |
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1 Schopenhauer’s arguments for determinism |
173 |
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2 Flaws in Schopenhauer’s arguments |
178 |
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3 Character and change |
183 |
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4 Conclusion |
186 |
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11 FREUD |
187 |
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1 Freud on the psychological limitations of human freedom |
187 |
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2 Self-knowledge and change in psycho-analytic therapy |
190 |
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3 Conclusion |
196 |
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12 SARTRE |
198 |
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1 Freedom, consciousness and human existence |
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2 Absolute freedom in the face of obstacles, necessities and an irrevocable past |
201 |
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3 The burden of freedom, bad faith and autonomy through self-knowledge |
207 |
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4 Freedom and choice |
209 |
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13 SIMONE WEIL |
214 |
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1 The duality of man |
214 |
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2 Gravity and grace |
217 |
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3 Free will and necessity |
220 |
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4 Freedom in a world of necessity: Simone Weil and Spinoza |
225 |
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5 Conclusion |
227 |
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14 G E MOORE |
229 |
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1 G E Moore on free will and determinism |
229 |
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2 J L Austin’s criticism of Moore |
233 |
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3 The principle or law of causality |
237 |
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4 Conclusion |
241 |
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15 WITTGENSTEIN |
242 |
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1 Science and the freedom of the will |
242 |
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2 Wittgenstein and Simone Weil, the thief and the falling stone |
246 |
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3 Wittgenstein and Schopenhauer: determination of our decisions |
249 |
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4 Choice and causality: ‘He was brought up to think as he does’ |
253 |
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5 Freedom and predictability |
256 |
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6 Conclusion |
259 |
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NOTES |
275 |
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INDEX |
279 |
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