Contents	8
	Acknowledgements	9
	Introduction	10
	References	14
	Why refurbishment?	16
	1.1 General	16
	1.2 The availability of buildings suitable for refurbishment	16
	1.3 The quality of buildings suitable for refurbishment	17
	1.4 The shorter development period	17
	1.5 The economic advantages	18
	1.6 The availability of financial aid	22
	1.7 Planning permission may not be required	23
	1.8 The effects of plot ratio control	24
	1.9 Listed building legislation	25
	1.10 Conservation area legislation	26
	1.11 The architectural advantages	27
	1.12 Availability of the existing infrastructure	27
	1.13 The social advantages	27
	1.14 The environmental advantages	28
	References	28
	Upgrading the fire resistance of existing elements	29
	2.1 General	29
	2.2 Statutory requirements	29
	2.3 Fire resistance of elements	30
	2.4 Upgrading the fire resistance of timber floors	31
	2.5 Upgrading the fire resistance of wrought-iron, cast- iron and steel elements	41
	2.6 Upgrading the fire resistance of doors	47
	2.7 Upgrading the fire resistance of walls	50
	References	50
	Upgrading internal surfaces	51
	3.1 General	51
	3.2 Upgrading wall surfaces	51
	3.3 Upgrading ceiling surfaces	60
	3.4 Upgrading floor surfaces	62
	References	63
	Upgrading the thermal performance of existing elements	64
	4.1 General	64
	4.2 Statutory requirements	65
	4.3 Upgrading the thermal performance of walls	69
	4.4 Upgrading the thermal performance of roofs	96
	4.5 Upgrading the thermal performance of floors	105
	References	106
	Useful web addresses	106
	Calculating U-values and heat loss	108
	Upgrading the acoustic performance of existing elements	113
	5.1 General	113
	5.2 Statutory requirements	113
	5.3 Upgrading the acoustic performance of separating walls	115
	5.4 Upgrading the acoustic performance of separating floors	122
	5.5 Upgrading the acoustic performance of external walls	128
	References	130
	Preventing moisture and dampness within buildings	131
	6.1 General	131
	6.2 Preventing moisture penetration through external walls and walls below ground level	131
	6.3 Preventing rising damp in walls	142
	6.4 Preventing rising damp in solid ground floors	146
	6.5 Preventing rainwater penetration through roofs	149
	6.6 Preventing condensation within buildings	150
	References	158
	Introduction of new floors and access between levels	160
	7.1 General	160
	7.2 Roof spaces: accommodating stairs Ò access and clearance	160
	References	164
	Timber decay and remedial treatments	165
	8.1 General	165
	8.2 Fungal attack	165
	8.3 Insect attack	168
	8.4	172
	injection techniques for the preservation of	172
	timber components	172
	8.5 Localised repair techniques for decayed timber window frames and other joinery	175
	8.6 Decay of structural timbers	176
	8.7 Mechanical repair of decayed structural timbers	176
	8.8 Epoxy resin-based repair and restoration of decayed structural timbers	181
	8.9 Traditional joints and structural timber replacement	186
	References	189
	Strengthening of existing timber floors	190
	9.1 General	190
	9.2 Replacing with new timber or steel sections	190
	9.3 Strengthening with new steel channel sections or timber joists	190
	9.4 Stiffening with steel or timber	192
	9.5 Stiffening with steel plates	193
	9.6 Strengthening with steel stiffening reinforcement	193
	References	195
	Heavy-lifting systems	196
	10.1 General	196
	10.2 Movement of complete buildings	196
	10.3 Movement of building elements	196
	Underpinning systems	202
	11.1 General	202
	11.2 Precautions prior to and during underpinning	202
	11.3 Underpinning techniques	204
	References	215
	Strengthening existing walls	216
	12.1 Stabilising cavity walls	216
	12.2 Rebuilding the external leaf	216
	12.3 Remedial wall ties	216
	12.4 Strengthening walls	221
	12.5 Removing buildings and supporting the remaining properties	222
	Fa¡ade retention	225
	13.1 General	225
	13.2 Temporary support systems	226
	13.3 Permanent fa¡ade ties	247
	13.4 Differential settlement	253
	13.5 Foundation design	261
	References	263
	Index of products and systems	264
	Fire protection	264
	Finishes	265
	Thermal insulation	265
	Acoustic insulation	266
	Basements, tanking and waterproofing	267
	Timber treatment and ventilation	268
	Permanent structural and temporary works	268