Acknowledgements	5
	Contents	6
	Contributors	8
	1 Introduction: The Psychology of Global Mobility	10
	A Human Dimension	12
	Psychology in Global Mobility	13
	Person	14
	Environment	15
	A Road Less Traveled	17
	Structure and Content	19
	Context	19
	Motives	20
	Adjustment	21
	Performance	22
	Human Development: D=f(M,A,P) 2	23
	References	24
	Part I Context	29
	2 Human Mobility in a Global Era	30
	Types of Travelers	36
	Culture Shock	38
	Business Travelers and Business Support	42
	Adaptation and Adjustment	46
	Reducing Expatriate Stress	48
	Conclusion	49
	References	51
	3 Mixed-Methods Approaches to Contextually Grounded Research in Settings of Armed Conflict and Natural Disaster	53
	Armed Conflict, Natural Disaster, and Forced New Settlement	54
	Contextually Grounded Mental Health Research with War and Disaster-Affected Populations	55
	Blending Qualitative and Quantitative Methods	56
	Research in Afghanistan: Development of the Afghan Symptom Checklist	57
	Research in Sri Lanka: War Exposure, Natural Disaster, and Daily Stressors as Predictors of Mental Health among Youth in Eastern Sri Lanka	60
	Development of the Childrens Daily Stressor Scale	61
	Conclusion	64
	References	64
	4 Ethical Psychological Practice with Geographically Mobile Individuals and Groups	67
	Ethical Dilemmas of Service Provision	69
	Competing Theories of Ethics	69
	Competing Ethical Responsibilities	70
	Case Example Dr N	73
	Competing Levels of Responsibility	74
	Case Example Dr S	77
	Whose Ethics?	78
	Competing Constructions of Cultural Competence	79
	Ethical Reasoning and Decision Making	80
	Theory of Prima Facie Duty	81
	Professional Development and Self Care	84
	Case Example Dr X	86
	Conclusion	87
	References	87
	Part II Motives	91
	5 Mobility and Personality	92
	The Mobile Personality	93
	Motivation and the Mobile Personality	93
	Achievement Motivation	94
	Power Motivation	95
	Affiliation Motivation	96
	Place Attachment	97
	Deciding Where and When to Go	98
	Temporary Mobility: Sojourners and Enjoyment of Leisure Travel	99
	Policy and Research Implications	101
	Personality and Mobility	101
	Adaptation and Mobility	102
	Effects of Leaving on the Home Country	104
	Policy Implications	104
	Directions for Future Research	105
	References	105
	6 Identity and Global Mobility	109
	Theories of Identity	111
	Components of Identity Relevant to Professionals Global Mobility	113
	Career Identity	113
	Family Identity	116
	Combined Family-Gender Identity	118
	National Cultural Identity	119
	Conclusion, Research Questions, and Recommendations	121
	References	124
	7 Global Mobility, Local Economy: Its Work Psychology, Stupid	128
	Dual Salary	129
	Why is Dual Salary Problematic?	131
	How is Dual Salary Problematic?	131
	What Can Be Done About Dual Salary?	135
	Defensive Routines	136
	Why Should We Expect Barriers to Boundary-Less Mobility?	138
	How Can We Expect the Barriers to Manifest?	139
	What Can Be Done to Manage These Barriers?	141
	Brain Drain?	142
	Why the Term is Misleading	142
	How the Term is Misleading	143
	What New Foci Can Be Included?	145
	Conclusion	148
	References	148
	8 The Psychology of Enforced Mobility	154
	The Nature and Scope of Forced New Settlement	156
	Psychological Perspectives on the Experience of Refugees	158
	Box 8.1 Interventions appropriate for different groupings within refugee populations	161
	Case Studies in Enforced Mobility	162
	Flight from Civil Conflict: Mozambicans in Mala--i 1988--1992	162
	Box 8.2 Categories of need amongst Mozambican refugees in Malai	164
	Natural Disaster: The Soufriere Hills Volcanic Eruption, Montserrat	164
	Box 8.3 Identified threats to childrens wellbeing	165
	Box 8.4 Symbolism in cultural loss and adjustment 8	166
	Seeking to Make a New Home in Scotland	166
	Using Knowledge to Shape Policy and Practice	168
	Mapping the Process of Integration	169
	Training for Psychosocial Support of Refugees	170
	Conclusion	171
	References	171
	Part III Adjustment	174
	9 Global Mobility and Cross-Cultural Training	175
	Does Cross-Cultural Training Work?	177
	Content of Cross-Cultural Training	177
	New Dimensions of Cross-Cultural Training	178
	Individual Dimensions	178
	Psychological Barriers to Adjustment	178
	Cross-Cultural Training Implications	179
	Coping Strategies for Successful Adjustment	179
	Cross-Cultural Training Implications	179
	Matching Personal Expatriate Characteristics with a Host Culture	180
	Cross-Cultural Training Implications	180
	Language Proficiency and Adjustment	180
	Organizational Dimensions	182
	Assignment to Tough Organizational Contexts	182
	Training of Host Nationals	183
	Situational Dimensions	184
	Training for Going Home	184
	Cross-Cultural Training Implications	185
	Size of the Host Location and Adjustment	185
	Cross-Cultural Training Implications	185
	Country-Level Dimensions	185
	Adjusting to a Similar Vs. a Dissimilar Culture	185
	Cross-Cultural Training Implications	186
	Conclusions	186
	Cross-Cultural Training Works	187
	Culture-Specific Cross-Cultural Training	187
	Custom-Made Cross Cultural Training	187
	Recurring Cross-Cultural Training	188
	Everybody Needs Cross-Cultural Training	188
	References	189
	10 Mobility and Acculturation	194
	Mobility and Contact	195
	Acculturation	197
	Acculturation Strategies	199
	Research Examples	203
	Conclusions and Implications	209
	References	210
	11 Mobility and Inclusion	212
	What Does It Mean to Be Inclusive?	214
	Why Inclusion Doesnt Come Naturally	216
	The Role of the Environment	217
	The Micro-System	218
	The Meso-System	219
	The Exo-System	220
	The Macro-System	221
	The Person-Situation Interaction	222
	The New Settlers Perspective	223
	The Life Narrative	223
	Mobility History	224
	Reasons for Moving	224
	Permanence	225
	The Flow of Time	227
	Conclusions and Recommendations for Policy	228
	Policy Implications	228
	References	230
	12 New Settlement and Wellbeing in Oppressive Contexts: A Liberation Psychology Approach	235
	Wellbeing, Acculturation and Power	237
	Exploring the Relationship Between Cultural Adaptation and Wellbeing in Oppressive Contexts: The Case of Moroccan New Settlers in Southern Spain	240
	A Liberation Psychology Approach to the Wellbeing of Moroccan New settlers in Southern Spain: Lessons Learned	244
	Community Level	244
	Relational Level	248
	Personal Level	250
	Implications for Practice and Directions for Future Research	251
	References	253
	Part IV Performance	257
	13 Mobility and Careers	258
	Mobile and Immobile Careers	259
	Elements of Career Studies	260
	Career Transitions	261
	Dimensions of Career Mobility	262
	Boundary-Less Careers	263
	Career Mobility and Career Capital	265
	Geographical Mobility A Neglected Area of Career Studies	265
	Geographical Career Mobility: Causes and Types	266
	Benefits and Drawbacks of International Mobility	269
	New Zealand: A Case Study of Mobile Careers and Career Capital Transfer	270
	Conclusion	273
	References	274
	14 Global Mobility and Bias in the Workplace	278
	Global Mobility and Inequality	279
	Inequalities in the Labor Market	279
	Case Study 1: Labor Market Participation in New Zealand	280
	Inequalities in Organizations	280
	Bias in the Workplace	281
	Employment Bias	281
	Bias in Pre-screening Applicants	281
	Bias in the Choice of Recruitment Methods	282
	Bias in the Choice of Selection Methods	282
	Bias in the Choice and Appraisal of Selection Criteria	283
	A Case Study of Employment Bias	284
	Case Study 2: Recruiting and Selecting Employees in New Zealand	284
	Performance Bias	285
	Socio-Psychological Processes Underlying Bias	286
	Categorization and Comparison	286
	Similarity and Dissimilarity on Individual, Organizational and Socio-Cultural Levels	286
	Social Identity, Categorization and Comparison	287
	Stereotypes and Attributions	287
	Inter-Group Conflict, Competition and Threat	288
	The Influence of Personal Factors	289
	The Influence of Situational Factors	289
	Intercultural Contact	289
	Workforce Demographics and Group Composition	290
	Societal-Level Attitudes and Perceptions of New Settlers	291
	Counteracting Bias in the Workplace	291
	References	294
	15 Technology, Mobility, and Poverty Reduction	300
	Todays Information and Communication Technology Landscape	302
	Access Trends	302
	Utilization Trends	304
	Implications for Brain Drain, Gain, and Circulation	305
	Innovating Poverty Reduction	311
	Information and Communication Technologies, Farming, and Global Development	311
	Global Positioning Systems	311
	Text Messaging and Web 2.0	312
	Recruitment and Fundraising	314
	Online Volunteerism	315
	UNV Online Volunteering Service	315
	SmartAid: Consultants Without Costs	316
	Summary and Conclusion	317
	References	318
	Index	322