CONTENTS	8
	FIGURES AND TABLES	10
	ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS	12
	PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS	18
	1 SUSTAINABILITY, INSTITUTIONS, AND FOREST MANAGEMENT	20
	1. INTRODUCTION	20
	2. SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT, MARKETS, AND INSTITUTIONS	23
	3. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON INSTITUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT	27
	4. MARKETS AND SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT	30
	5. DEFORESTATION, SPECIALIZATION AND SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT	31
	6. COUNTRY-SPECIFIC INSTITUTIONAL EXPERIENCES	34
	7. EPILOGUE	37
	2 IN SEARCH OF OPTIMAL INSTITUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT: LESSONS FROM DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES M.K. (MARTY) LUCKERT	40
	1. INTRODUCTION	40
	2. KEY TERMS: SFM AND OPTIMAL INSTITUTIONS	41
	3. DIFFICULTIES IN PURSUING OPTIMAL INSTITUTIONS FOR SFM	43
	4. CAN WE MAKE PROGRESS IN THE FACE OF THESE DIFFICULTIES?	53
	5. CONCLUSIONS	55
	3 MODERN ECONOMIC THEORY AND THE CHALLENGE OF EMBEDDED TENURE INSTITUTIONS: AFRICAN ATTEMPTS TO REFORM LOCAL FOREST POLICIES MARITEUW CHIMÈRE DIAW	62
	1. INTRODUCTION	63
	2. THE ‘EXTRAORDINARY TREATMENT’ OF INDIGENOUS TENURE	64
	3. THE EMBEDDED TENURE	71
	4. CHANGE PATHWAYS	78
	5. POLICY, THEORY AND THE EMBEDDED ECONOMY	88
	6. CONCLUSION: FOR NEGOTIATED AND INVENTIVE SOLUTIONS	91
	4 ORGANIZATIONS, INSTITUTIONS, EXTERNAL SETTING AND INSTITUTIONAL DYNAMICS SHASHI KANT AND R. ALBERT BERRY	102
	1. INTRODUCTION	103
	2. AN OVERVIEW OF INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS	104
	3. A FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSING THE DYNAMICS OF INSTITUTIONS (FOREST REGIMES)	106
	4. THE DYNAMICS OF INDIAN FOREST REGIMES	110
	5. OUTCOMES OF SHIFTS TOWARDS COMMUNITY-BASED FOREST REGIMES	126
	6. POLICY IMPLICATIONS	126
	5 VALUING FOREST ECOSYSTEMS – AN INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE ARILD VATN	134
	1. INTRODUCTION	134
	2. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF BIODIVERSITY	135
	3. THE INSTITUTIONAL POSITION	140
	4. BIODIVERSITY, VALUATION AND VALUE ARTICULATING INSTITUTIONS	142
	5. CONCLUSION	150
	6 THE GREAT TRAGEDY OF SCIENCE: SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT AND MARKETS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES CLARK S. BINKLEY	154
	1. INTRODUCTION	154
	2. MARKETS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES AND TRANSACTIONS COSTS	156
	3. CONCLUSIONS	157
	7 THE KYOTO PROTOCOL: PROPERTY RIGHTS AND EFFICIENCY OF MARKETS GRACIELA CHICHILNISKY	160
	1. INTRODUCTION	160
	2. MULTIPLE PERSPECTIVES ON GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS	162
	3. PROPERTY REGIMES, MARKETS, AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS	166
	4. CONCLUSIONS	172
	8 DEFORESTATION AND POPULATION INCREASE JOHN M. HARTWICK	174
	1. INTRODUCTION	174
	2. DEFORESTATION WITH LAND RELATIVELY ABUNDANT	176
	3. THE DEVELOPMENT OF CITIES	177
	4. WHEN LAND SCARCITY BITES: EASTER ISLAND	178
	5. THE MAORI	183
	6. THE MEDITERRANEAN AND ROME	185
	7. EUROPE AND CHINA: TECHNOLOGY AND TRADE INSTEAD OF MIGRATION	188
	8. TRADE AS A BUFFER	192
	9. EXPORTING TIMBER TO FINANCE DEVELOPMENT	194
	10. POPULATION PRESSURES IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY	197
	11. MIGRATION AS A BUFFER. THE CITY AS FRONTIER	199
	12. CONCLUDING REMARKS	200
	9 LIMITATIONS OF SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT: AN ECONOMICS PERSPECTIVE WILLIAM F. HYDE	212
	1. INTRODUCTION	212
	2. THE GENERAL PATTERN OF FOREST DEVELOPMENT	213
	3. DEVELOPING FRONTIERS	215
	4. MATURE FRONTIERS	217
	5. QUANTITATIVE ECONOMIC EVIDENCE	219
	6. SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY AND THE CONTROL OF DEFORESTATION	220
	7. CONCLUSION	225
	10 SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY IN A WORLD OF SPECIALIZATION AND TRADE ROGER A. SEDJO	230
	1. INTRODUCTION	230
	2. CONCEPTS OF SUSTAINABILITY, SPECIALIZATION, AND FOREST MANAGEMENT	232
	3. GLOBAL LAND USES	240
	4. CONCLUSION	248
	11 FOREST CARBON SINKS: A TEMPORARY AND COSTLY ALTERNATIVE TO REDUCING EMISSIONS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION G. CORNELIS VAN KOOTEN AND ALISON J. EAGLE	252
	1. INTRODUCTION	252
	2. CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE KYOTO PROTOCOL	254
	3. CARBON SINKS IN LIEU OF EMISSIONS REDUCTION	256
	4. CARBON SINKS IN FORESTRY	257
	5. DISCOUNTING PHYSICAL CARBON	259
	6. FORESTRY ACTIVITIES AND CARBON OFFSET CREDITS	261
	7. TRADING TERRESTRIAL CARBON CREDITS	266
	8. ARE LANDOWNERS WILLING TO CREATE CARBON SINKS?	269
	9. CONCLUSIONS	270
	12 THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND ENVIRONMENTAL REGIME AND THE SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF CANADIAN FORESTS HARRY NELSON AND ILAN VERTINSKY	276
	1. INTRODUCTION	276
	2. THE INTERNATIONAL REGIME	278
	3. THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE REGIME	282
	4. THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL REGIME	286
	5. FORESTRY RELATED CERTIFICATION PROCESSES	293
	6. INTERACTION WITHIN THE REGIME	296
	7. CONCLUSIONS	305
	13 SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT: CIRIACYWANTRUP’S DEFINITION OF CONSERVATION IN TODAY’S FOREST RESOURCE CONTEXT WILLIAM R. BENTLEY AND RICHARD W. GULDIN	316
	1. INTRODUCTION	316
	2. RISK AND UNCERTAINTY RESTRAIN THEORY REGARDING SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT	317
	3. PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ABOUT SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT	318
	4. THE GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE ON SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT	320
	5. US NATIONAL REPORT ON SUSTAINABLE FORESTS – A MACRO CASE STUDY	322
	6. CONCLUSIONS	327
	14 STAKES, SUSPICIONS AND SYNERGIES IN SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT–THE ASIAN EXPERIENCE CHERUKAT CHANDRASEKHARAN	330
	1. INTRODUCTION	331
	2. FORESTRY SITUATION IN ASIA	331
	3. FORESTRY SITUATION IN THE FOUR SELECTED COUNTRIES	336
	4. THE FOUR CASES	344
	5. SCENARIOS	354
	6. CONCLUSIONS	356
	15 INSTITUTIONS, SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT, AND POST-NEWTONIAN ECONOMICS SHASHI KANT	360
	1. INTRODUCTION	360
	2. THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE ECONOMICS OF SFM	362
	3. POST-NEWTONIAN ECONOMICS	370
	4. CONCLUSIONS	373
	INDEX	376