Preface	6
	Contents	9
	PART 1 Semantic, Visual, and Technological Facets of the Second-Generation Web	15
	Chapter 1 The Concept and Architecture of the Semantic Web	17
	1.1 From HTML to XML and the Semantic Web	17
	1.2 The XML Family of Technologies	23
	1.3 The Architecture of the Semantic Web	27
	1.4 References	31
	Chapter 2 Information Visualization and the Semantic Web	33
	2.1 Introduction	33
	2.2 The Semantic Web	33
	2.2.1 Visualization Issues	34
	2.2.2 Semantic Annotation	35
	2.3 Information Visualization	41
	2.3.1 Tracking Knowledge and Technology Trends	42
	2.3.2 Citation Analysis	42
	2.3.3 Patent Citation Analysis	43
	2.4 A Harmonious Relationship?	44
	2.4.1 Beyond Information Retrieval	44
	2.4.2 Yin and Yang	47
	2.4.3 An Illustrative Example	48
	2.5 Conclusion	56
	2.6 References	56
	Chapter 3 Ontology-Based Information Visualization: Toward Semantic Web Applications	59
	3.1 Introduction	59
	3.2 Cluster Map Basics	60
	3.3 Applications	62
	3.3.1 The DOPE Browser	62
	3.3.2 Xarop/SWAP: Peer-to-Peer Knowledge Management	64
	3.3.3 Aduna AutoFocus	66
	3.4 Uses of Ontology-Based Visualization	68
	3.4.1 Data Analysis	68
	3.4.2 Querying	68
	3.4.3 Exploration	70
	3.5 Future Work	71
	3.6 Summary	71
	3.7 References	72
	Chapter 4 Topic Maps, RDF Graphs, and Ontologies Visualization	73
	4.1 Introduction	73
	4.2 Topic Maps, RDF, and Ontologies Basic Concepts	74
	4.2.1 Topic Maps	74
	4.2.2 RDF	75
	4.2.3 Ontologies	77
	4.3 Semantic Graphs Visualization	77
	4.3.1 Visualization Goals	78
	4.3.2 Visualization Techniques	79
	4.4 Conclusion and Perspectives	91
	4.5 References	92
	Chapter 5 Web Services: Description, Interfaces, and Ontology	94
	5.1 Introduction	94
	5.2 Semantic Web and Web Services: A Comparison	94
	5.3 Web Services Definition and Description Layers	95
	5.3.1 Standardization Efforts	96
	5.3.2 The Significance of SOAP	96
	5.4 SOAP in Greater Detail	96
	5.4.1 SOAP Message	96
	5.4.2 The Structure of a SOAP Message	97
	5.4.3 Examples of SOAP Messages	98
	5.5 What Is It Like for a Programmer?	100
	5.5.1 Axis SOAP Server and Tomcat Servlet Engine	100
	5.5.2 From Java Class to SOAP Server	101
	5.5.3 Constructing a SOAP Client	101
	5.6 WSDL	102
	5.6.1 WSDL Document Structure and Examples	103
	5.6.2 Options and Alternatives	105
	5.6.3 What Can One Do with WSDL?	105
	5.7 UDDI	106
	5.7.1 Components of a UDDI Entry	106
	5.7.2 UDDI and WSDL	107
	5.7.3 Semantical and Ontological Needs	108
	5.8 References	114
	Chapter 6 Recommender Systems for the Web	116
	6.1 Introduction	116
	6.2 The Beginning of Collaborative Filtering	117
	6.3 Automated Collaborative Filtering	119
	6.4 Enhancing Collaborative Filtering with Semantics	122
	6.4.1 New Users and New Items	122
	6.4.2 Integrated Content/Collaborative Filtering Solutions	123
	6.4.3 Situational and Task-Focused Recommenders	125
	6.5 Explanation and Inference	127
	6.5.1 Explaining Recommendations	127
	6.5.2 Focusing Implicit Ratings	128
	6.6 Socially Aware Recommenders	130
	6.6.1 Social Navigation	130
	6.6.2 Recommending for Groups	131
	6.7 Portable Recommenders	133
	6.8 Cheating with Recommenders	134
	6.9 Conclusion	134
	6.10 Acknowledgments	135
	6.11 References	135
	Chapter 7 SVG and X3D: New XML Technologies for 2D and 3D Visualization	138
	7.1 Introduction	138
	7.2 SVG	138
	7.3 X3D	141
	7.4 The Use and Advantages of SVG and X3D	144
	7.5 References	146
	PART 2 Visual Techniques and Applications for the Semantic Web	149
	Chapter 8 Using Graphically Represented Ontologies for Searching Content on the Semantic Web	151
	8.1 Introduction	151
	8.2 Visual Query Languages	151
	8.3 The Graphical Ontology Designer Environment	152
	8.3.1 Enabling Technologies	152
	8.3.2 GODE GUI and Functionality	159
	8.3.4 Advanced Search	163
	8.3.5 Application Area of Advanced Graphical Ontologies	164
	8.3.6 Intended Audience for Advanced Graphical Search	165
	8.3.7 Possible Traps	165
	8.4 Conclusion and Further Work	165
	8.5 Acknowledgments	166
	8.6 References	166
	Chapter 9 Adapting Graph Visualization Techniques for the Visualization of RDF Data	168
	9.1 Introduction	168
	9.2 Background	169
	9.3 GViz	171
	9.3.1 Data Model	172
	9.3.2 Operation Model	173
	9.3.3 Visualization	174
	9.4 Applications	175
	9.4.1 Conceptual Model Visualization	177
	9.4.2 Conceptual Model Instance Visualization	178
	9.4.3 Application Model Visualization	179
	9.4.4 Application Model Instance Visualization	182
	9.5 Future Work	183
	9.6 Summary	184
	9.7 Acknowledgments	185
	9.8 References	185
	Chapter 10 Spring-Embedded Graphs for Semantic Visualization	186
	10.1 Introduction	186
	10.2 A Suitable Graph Drawing Algorithm	187
	10.3 The Tool	189
	10.4 Case Study 1: Visualizing Ontologies—Zoological Information Management System	190
	10.5 Case Study 2: Visualizing Instance Data—Social Network Visualization	192
	10.6 Future Work	195
	10.7 Conclusions	195
	10.8 References	195
	Chapter 11 Semantic Association Networks: Using Semantic Web Technology to Improve Scholarly Knowledge and Expertise Management	197
	11.1 Introduction	197
	11.2 Scientific Trends and Current Means to Access Knowledge and Expertise	198
	11.3 Semantic Association Networks	202
	11.4 Implementing SANs: Opportunities and Challenges	208
	11.5 Concluding Remarks	210
	11.6 Acknowledgments	211
	11.7 References	211
	Chapter 12 Interactive Interfaces for Mapping E-Commerce Ontologies	213
	12.1 XML-Based Communication between Companies: Visualizing a Mutual Understanding	213
	12.2 The Process of Creating and Reading XML Documents and Its Native Visualizations	214
	12.3 Technologies for Visualizing XML Documents	216
	12.4 A Generalized Interface for Visualizing XML Metadata and Their Structural Relationships	219
	12.5 A Web-Based Ontology Translator for E-Commerce Documents	220
	12.6 Future Work	222
	12.7 References	223
	Chapter 13 Back Pain Data Collection Using Scalable Vector Graphics and Geographical Information Systems	224
	13.1 Introduction	224
	13.1.1 Back Pain Questionnaires	225
	13.2 The Pain Drawing	225
	13.2.1 Scoring Methods	227
	13.2.2 Pain Drawings—Conclusions	228
	13.3 Back Pain Data—Technological Solutions	228
	13.3.1 SVG	229
	13.3.2 ASP	229
	13.3.3 GIS	229
	13.3.4 Visualization for Mobile and Embedded Applications	230
	13.4 System Requirements and Development	231
	13.4.1 Regional Diagram for Visual Interaction	232
	13.4.2 ASP with a GIF Image Map	233
	13.4.3 ASP with SVG Image Map	233
	13.4.4 GIS	235
	13.5 Wireless-Enabled PDA Solution	235
	13.6 Solutions Review and Comparison	237
	13.6.1 Comparisons	239
	13.7 Conclusions	240
	13.8 References	241
	Chapter 14 Social Network Analysis on the Semantic Web: Techniques and Challenges for Visualizing FOAF	243
	14.1 Introduction	243
	14.2 XML, the Semantic Web, and FOAF	244
	14.3 Analyzing LiveJournal FOAF	246
	14.4 Discussion and Conclusions	253
	14.5 Acknowledgments	255
	14.6 References	255
	Chapter 15 Concluding Remarks: Today’s Vision of Envisioning the Semantic Future	257
	Index	259