CONTENTS	6
	PREFACE	8
	INTRODUCTION	9
	1. THE ISSUES	9
	2. CONTENTS OF THE BOOK	11
	3. SOME FINAL THOUGHTS	15
	REFERENCES	15
	GREENER TAXES, FREER TRADE?	16
	1. INTRODUCTION	16
	2. THE MODEL	17
	3. SPECIALIZATION IN EXPORTABLES	20
	4. IMPORT-COMPETING PRODUCTION	29
	5. CONCLUSIONS	30
	REFERENCES	31
	NORTH-SOUTH TRADE AND POLLUTION MIGRATION: THE DEBATE REVISITED	36
	1. INTRODUCTION	36
	2. MODEL SPECIFICATION	38
	3. AUTARKY	39
	4. FREE TRADE	41
	5. SUMMARY	45
	REFERENCES	45
	REGULATORY COMPETITION, TRANSBOUNDARY POLLUTION AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE	48
	1. INTRODUCTION	48
	2. THE MODEL	50
	3. COMPLETE INFORMATION	53
	4. INCOMPLETE INFORMATION	62
	5. CONCLUSIONS	68
	REFERENCES	68
	MODELLING COMMITMENT IN MULTI-STAGE MODELS OF LOCATION, TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT	70
	1. INTRODUCTION	70
	2. THE MODEL	73
	3. FIRMS LOCATE BEFORE GOVERNMENTS SET POLICIES	75
	4. FIRMS LOCATE AFTER GOVERNMENTS SET POLICIES.	78
	5. SIMULATION RESULTS	87
	6. CONCLUSIONS	96
	REFERENCES	96
	INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION AND INVESTMENT IN ABATEMENT: TAXES VERSUS STANDARDS	104
	1. INTRODUCTION	104
	2. THE BASIC MODEL	106
	3. THE DECISION MODEL	107
	4. INCENTIVES TO INVEST	109
	5. STANDARDS VERSUS TAXES	110
	6. CONCLUSIONS	112
	REFERENCES	112
	ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY UNDER PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION AND ASYMMETRIC COSTS	114
	1. INTRODUCTION	114
	2. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS	115
	3. THE MODEL	117
	4. ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION UNDER COST ADVANTAGE FOR THE DOMESTIC FIRM	122
	5. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY UNDER A COST DISADVANTAGE FOR THE DOMESTIC FIRM	126
	6. CONCLUSIONS	130
	REFERENCES	131
	THE STRINGENCY OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION AND THE 'PORTER HYPOTHESIS'	138
	1. INTRODUCTION	138
	2. THE 'PORTER HYPOTHESIS' REVISITED	139
	3. THE POLITICAL NEGOTIATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION	141
	4. ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCE	148
	5. SOME EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON AUSTRIAN VOC EMISSION STANDARDS	150
	6. CONCLUSIONS AND DIRECTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH	158
	REFERENCES	160
	MEASURING THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ON MANUFACTURING PLANT BIRTHS: A NEW EMPIRICAL PARADIGM	164
	1. INTRODUCTION	164
	2. U.S. AIR QUALITY REGULATIONS AND THE DATA	165
	3. EMPIRICAL METHODOLOGY	166
	4. EMPIRICAL RESULTS	173
	5. CONCLUDING COMMENTS	177
	REFERENCES	177
	THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ON CAPITAL FLOWS: SOME METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS	192
	1. INTRODUCTION	192
	2. ENVIRONMENTAL STRINGENCY MEASURES	193
	3. ESTIMATION ISSUES AND TECHNIQUES	195
	4. CONCLUDING REMARKS	198
	REFERENCES	199
	ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND FIRMS’ DECISIONMAKING ABOUT LOCATION CHOICE	200
	1. INTRODUCTION	200
	2. THE CONFLICT MODEL	202
	3. THE CASE OF THE FERTILIZER PLANT	206
	4. CONCLUSIONS	215
	REFERENCES	215
	THE EFFICIENCY, EQUITY AND POLITICS OF EMISSIONS PERMIT TRADING	218
	1. INTRODUCTION	218
	2. THE BASIC MODEL	222
	3. A FREE INTERNATIONAL MARKET FOR CARS	224
	4. “GIVING UP THE CAR” WITH TRADABLE PERMITS	225
	5. POLITICO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF PERMITS	230
	6. CONCLUSIONS	232
	REFERENCES	233
	SHOULD EMISSIONS REDUCTION UNITS BE TRADABLE?	236
	1. INTRODUCTION	236
	2. NON TRADABLE ERUs	238
	3. TRADABLE ERUs	242
	4. PARETO RANKING	246
	5. CONCLUDING REMARKS	250
	REFERENCES	251
	THE KYOTO REGIME, CHANGING PATTERNS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND CARBON LEAKAGE	254
	1. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW	254
	2. THE BUSINESS COMMUNITY, KYOTO AND INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS	255
	3. THE CARBON LEAKAGE THREAT	256
	4. TRADE LIBERALIZATION, COMPETITIVENESS AND CARBON LEAKAGE	258
	5. DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS	262
	6. RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS	266
	7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH	268
	REFERENCES	270
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