Contents	6
	Preface	7
	INTRODUCTION	10
	1. Language	11
	2. Dialog and Computer	12
	3. Human-Machine Spoken Language Dialog	13
	3.1 Speech and Human- Machine Interaction	13
	3.2 Specifics of Spoken Language Dialog	14
	3.3 Rules for a Smooth Spoken Language Dialog	14
	3.4 Functions of the Spoken Language Dialog	16
	3.5 Knowledge for Human- Machine Spoken Language Dialogs	17
	4. Spoken Language Dialog System	19
	5. Projects and Research Applications	19
	Notes	21
	ROBUST SPOKEN NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING	22
	1. Introduction	22
	2. Case Grammar Formalism	23
	3. Case Grammar in the LIMSI-L’ATIS System	24
	4. Conclusion	30
	SPOKEN LANGUAGE DIALOG MODELING	31
	1. Introduction	31
	2. Task Modeling	31
	2.1 Task Concept	32
	2.2 Task Modeling in an Application for Information Requests	35
	2.3 Discussion	36
	3. Human-Machine Spoken Language Dialog Modeling	37
	3.1 Language Act Theory	37
	3.2 Linguistic Studies	40
	3.3 Dialog Modeling Approaches	43
	3.4 Dialog Modeling in an Application for Information Request	58
	3.5 Discussion	80
	4. Dialog System Example	81
	4.1 Architecture	81
	4.2 Utterance Generation	85
	4.3 Discussion	86
	5. Conclusion	87
	Notes	87
	CONCLUSION	88
	REFERENCES	93
	About the Authors	95
	Index	96
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