CONTENTS	6
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	7
	PREFACE	9
	CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION	13
	1. KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY FROM DATABASES IN LAW	14
	2. CONCEPTUALALISING DATA	20
	3. PHASES IN THE KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY FROM DATABASE PROCESS	22
	4. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN LEGAL AND OTHER DATA	23
	5. CHAPTER SUMMARY	24
	CHAPTER 2 LEGAL ISSUES IN THE DATA SELECTION PHASE	27
	1. OPEN TEXTURE, DISCRETION AND KDD	27
	2. STARE DECISIS	31
	3. CIVIL AND COMMON LAW C	34
	4. SELECTING A TASK SUITABLE FOR KDD: THE IMPORTANCE OF OPEN TEXTURE	37
	5. SAMPLE ASSESSMENT OF THE DEGREE OF OPEN TEXTURE	42
	6. SELECTING DATASET RECORDS	44
	7. CHAPTER SUMMARY	56
	CHAPTER 3 LEGAL ISSUES IN THE DATA PRE-PROCESSING PHASE	59
	1. MISSING DATA	59
	2. INCONSISTENT DATA	61
	3. CHAPTER SUMMARY	70
	CHAPTER 4 LEGAL ISSUES IN THE DATA TRANSFORMATION PHASE	71
	1. AGGREGATING VALUES	72
	2. NORMALISING	73
	3. FEATURE OR EXAMPLE REDUCTION	74
	4. THE USE OF ARGUMENTATION FOR RESTRUCTURING	75
	5. CHAPTER SUMMARY	93
	CHAPTER 5 DATA MINING WITH RULE INDUCTION	95
	1. RULE INDUCTION WITH ID3	97
	2. USES OF RULE INDUCTION IN LAW	107
	3. CHAPTER SUMMARY	109
	CHAPTER 6 UNCERTAIN AND STATISTICAL DATA MINING	111
	1. DATA MINING USING ASSOCIATION RULES	111
	2. FUZZY REASONING	123
	3. BAYESIAN CLASSIFICATION	127
	4. CERTAINTY FACTORS	133
	5. NEAREST NEIGHBOUR APPROACHES	134
	6. EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTING AND GENETIC ALGORITHMS	135
	7. KERNEL MACHINES	136
	8. SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES	137
	9. CHAPTER SUMMARY	139
	CHAPTER 7 DATA MINING USING NEURAL NETWORKS	141
	1. FEED FORWARD NETWORKS	141
	2. NEURAL NETWORKS IN LAW	152
	3. CHAPTER SUMMARY	157
	CHAPTER 8 INFORMATION RETRIEVAL AND TEXT MINING	159
	1. INFORMATION RETRIEVAL BASICS	159
	2. INFORMATION RETRIEVAL IN LAW	166
	3. TEXT MINING IN LAW	170
	4. WEB MINING	179
	5. CHAPTER SUMMARY	180
	CHAPTER 9 EVALUATION, DEPLOYMENT AND RELATED ISSUES	183
	1. GENERALISATION	183
	2. BOOSTING AND BAGGING	191
	3. FRAMEWORKS FOR EVALUATING LEGAL KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS	192
	4. EXPLANATION	210
	5. SELECTING SUITABLE FIELDS OF LAW	214
	6. LEGAL ONTOLOGIES	216
	7. CHAPTER SUMMARY	221
	CHAPTER 10 CONCLUSION	223
	1. THE VALIDITY OF USING KDD IN LEGAL DOMAINS	223
	2. KDD AND REASONING WITH CASES	225
	3. WHAT LEGAL DOMAINS ARE AMENABLE TO THE USE OF KDD	226
	4. PREPARING LEGAL DATA FOR USE IN THE KDD PROCESS	228
	5. TECHNIQUES FOR PERFORMING KDD IN LEGAL DATABASES	229
	6. UNDERSTANDING AND JUSTIFYING THE RESULTS OF THE KDD PROCESS	232
	7. HOW KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY IN LAW CAN ENHANCE ACCESS TO JUSTICE	233
	8. CURRENT AND FUTURE RESEARCH IN KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY IN LAW	235
	11 BIBLIOGRAPHY	239
	12 GLOSSARY	267
	INDEX	295