Acknowledgements	6
	Preface	7
	Contents	9
	Chapter 1	12
	Aims and Concepts of the Atlas	14
	1 Geological Maps	14
	2 Accompanying Text	14
	2.1 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	14
	2.2 Economic Geology	14
	2.3 Geoenvironmental Hazards	15
	2.4 Geosites	15
	3 Conclusions	16
	4 References	16
	Chapter 2	18
	Early Geological Maps of Africa	20
	References	22
	Chapter 3	24
	Tectonostratigraphic Synopsis	26
	1 Introduction	26
	2 Archean Cratonic Nuclei	26
	2.1 General	26
	2.2 Greenstone Belts	26
	2.3 Granitic Series (Including Gneisses) and Late Minor Intrusions	27
	2.4 Tectonothermal Events	27
	2.5 The Limpopo Mobile Belt	29
	3 Paleoproterozoic Basement Development	29
	4 Mesoproterozoic Basement Development	31
	5 Neoproterozoic Basement Development	33
	6 Phanerozoic Development	35
	6.1 General	35
	6.2 Orogenic Activity	37
	6.3 Anorogenic Magmatism	37
	6.4 Phanerozoic Rifts and Associated Magmatism	37
	6.5 Sedimentary Basins	39
	6.6 Phanerozoic Marine Cover Sequences	39
	6.7 Karoo Supergroup	39
	6.8 Interior Sag Basins	40
	6.9 Quaternary	40
	References	40
	Chapter 4 Review of Countries and Territories	41
	Algeria	43
	1 General	43
	2 Summary of Geology	43
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	43
	4 Economic Geology	46
	5 Geohazards	47
	6 Geosites	47
	7 References	47
	Angola	49
	1 General	49
	2 Summary of Geology	49
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	49
	4 Economic Geology	51
	5 Geohazards	51
	6 Geosites	51
	7 References	52
	Benin	53
	1 General	53
	2 Summary of Geology	53
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	53
	4 Economic Geology	53
	5 Geohazards	55
	6 Geosites	55
	7 References	55
	Botswana	57
	1 General	57
	2 Summary of Geology	57
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	57
	4 Economic Geology	59
	6 Geosites	59
	7 References	60
	Burkina Faso	61
	1 General	61
	2 Summary of Geology	61
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	61
	4 Economic Geology	61
	5 Geohazards	61
	6 Geosites	61
	7 References	61
	Burundi	63
	1 General	63
	2 Summary of Geology	63
	3 Stratigraphy	63
	4 Tectonics	63
	5 Economic Geology	65
	6 Geohazards	65
	7 Geosites	65
	8 References	65
	Cameroon	67
	1 General	67
	2 Summary of Geology	67
	3 Stratigraphy	67
	4 Tectonics	69
	5 Economic Geology	69
	6 Geohazards	70
	7 Geosites	70
	7 References	70
	Canary Islands (Spain)	71
	1 General	71
	2 Summary of Geology	71
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	71
	4 Economic Geology	71
	5 Geohazards	71
	6 Geosites	73
	7 References	73
	Cape Verde	75
	1 General	75
	2 Summary of Geology	75
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	75
	4 Economic Geology	75
	5 Geohazards	75
	6 Geosites	75
	7 References	75
	Central African Republic	77
	1 General	77
	2 Summary of Geology	77
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	77
	4 Economic Geology	77
	5 Geohazards	77
	6 Geosites	77
	7 References	77
	Chad	79
	1 General	79
	2 Summary of Geology	79
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	79
	4 Economic Geology	81
	5 Geoenvironmental Hazards	82
	6 Geosites	82
	7 References	82
	The Comoros	83
	1 General	83
	2 Summary of Geology	83
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	83
	4 Economic Geology	83
	5 Geohazards	83
	6 Geosites	83
	7 References	83
	Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)	85
	1 General	85
	2 Summary of Geology	85
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	85
	4 Economic Geology	88
	5 Geohazards	89
	6 Geosites	90
	7 References	90
	Republic of Congo	91
	1 General	91
	2 Summary of Geology	91
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	91
	4 Economic Geology	93
	5 Geohazards	93
	6 Geosites	93
	7 References	93
	Djibouti	95
	1 General	95
	2 Summary of Geology	95
	3 Stratigraphy	95
	4 Tectonics	95
	5 Economic Geology	95
	6 Geohazards	97
	7 Geosites	97
	8 References	97
	Egypt	99
	1 General	99
	2 Summary of Geology	99
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	99
	4 Economic Geology	101
	5 Geohazards	102
	6 Geosites	102
	7 References	102
	Equatorial Guinea	103
	1 General	103
	2 Summary of Geology	103
	3 Stratigraphy	103
	4 Tectonics	103
	5 Economic Geology	105
	6 Geohazards	105
	7 Geosites	105
	8 References	105
	Eritrea	107
	1 General	107
	2 Summary of Geology	107
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics 4 Economic Geology	107
	5 Geohazards	107
	6 Geosites	107
	7 References	107
	Ethiopia	109
	1 General	109
	2 Summary of Geology	109
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	109
	4 Economic Geology	111
	5 Geohazards	112
	6 Geosites	112
	7 References	113
	Gabon	115
	1 General	115
	2 Summary of Geology	115
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	115
	4 Economic Geology	115
	5 Geohazards	117
	6 Geosites	117
	7 References	117
	The Gambia	119
	1 General	119
	2 Summary of Geology	119
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	119
	4 Economic Geology	119
	5 Geohazards	119
	6 Geosites	119
	7 References	119
	Ghana	121
	1 General	121
	2 Summary of Geology	121
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	121
	4 Economic Geology	123
	5 Geohazards	124
	6 Geosites	124
	7 References	124
	Guinea	125
	1 General	125
	2 Summary of Geology	125
	3 Stratigraphy	125
	4 Tectonics	127
	5 Economic Geology	127
	6 Geohazards	128
	6 Geosites	128
	7 References	128
	Guinea Bissau	129
	1 General	129
	2 Summary of Geology	129
	3 Stratigraphy	129
	4 Tectonics	129
	5 Economic Geology	129
	6 Geohazards	129
	7 Geosites	129
	8 References	129
	Ivory Coast - Cote d.Ivoire	131
	1 General	131
	2 Summary of Geology	131
	4 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	131
	4 Economic Geology	131
	5 Geohazards	133
	6 Geosites	133
	7 References:	133
	Kenya	135
	1 General	135
	2 Summary of Geology	135
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	135
	4 Economic Geology	138
	5 Geohazards	140
	6 Geosites	140
	7 References	140
	Lesotho	141
	1 General	141
	2 Summary of Geology	141
	3 Stratigraphy	141
	4 Tectonics	141
	5 Economic Geology	141
	6 Geohazards	143
	7 Geosites	143
	8 References	143
	Liberia	145
	1 General	145
	2 Summary of Geology	145
	3 Stratigraphy	145
	4 Tectonics	145
	5 Economic Geology	145
	6 Geohazards	147
	7 Geosites	147
	8 References	147
	Libya	149
	1 General	149
	2 Summary of Geology	149
	3 Stratigraphy	149
	4 Tectonics	151
	5 Economic Geology	151
	6 Geohazards	151
	7 Geosites	151
	8 References	152
	Madagascar	153
	1 General	153
	2 Summary of Geology	153
	3 Stratigraphy	153
	4 Tectonics	155
	5 Economic Geology	155
	6 Geohazards	155
	7 Geosites	155
	8 References	156
	Madeira (Portugal)	157
	1 General	157
	2 Summary of Geology	157
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	157
	4 Economic Geology	157
	5 Geohazards	157
	6 Geosites	157
	7 References	157
	Malawi	159
	1 General	159
	2 Summary of Geology	159
	3 Stratigraphy	159
	4 Tectonics	161
	5 Economic Geology	161
	6 Geohazards	161
	7 Geosites	162
	8 References	162
	Mali	163
	1 General	163
	2 Summary of Geology	163
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	163
	4 Economic Geology	165
	5 Geohazards	165
	6 Geosites	165
	7 References	165
	Mauritania	167
	1 General	167
	2 Summary of Geology	167
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	167
	4 Economic Geology	169
	5 Geohazards	170
	6 Geosites	170
	7 References	170
	Mauritius	171
	1 General	171
	2 Summary of Geology	171
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	171
	4 Economic Geology	171
	5 Geohazards	171
	6 Geosites	171
	7 References	171
	Morocco	173
	1 General	173
	2 Summary of Geology	173
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	173
	4 Economic Geology	176
	5 Geohazards	177
	6 Geosites	177
	7 References	177
	Mozambique	179
	1 General	179
	2 Summary of Geology	179
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	179
	4 Economic Geology	179
	5 Geohazards	182
	6 Geosites	182
	7 References	182
	Namibia	183
	1 General	183
	2 Summary of Geology	183
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	183
	4 Economic Geology	183
	5 Geohazards	185
	6 Geosites	186
	7 References	186
	Niger	187
	1 General	187
	2 Summary of Geology	187
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	187
	4 Economic Geology	189
	5 Geohazards	190
	6 Geosites	190
	7 References	190
	Nigeria	191
	1 General	191
	2 Summary of Geology	191
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	191
	4 Economic Geology	194
	5 Geohazards	195
	6 Geosites	195
	7 References	196
	Reunion (France)	197
	1 General	197
	2 Summary of Geology	197
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	197
	4 Economic Geology	197
	5 Geohazards	197
	6 Geosites	197
	7 References	197
	Rwanda	199
	1 General	199
	2 Summary of Geology	199
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	199
	4 Economic Geology	199
	5 Geohazards	201
	6 Geosites	201
	7 References	202
	São Tomé et Príncipe	203
	1 General	203
	2 Summary of Geology	203
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	203
	4 Economic Geology	203
	5 Geohazards	203
	6 Geosites	203
	7 References	203
	Senegal	205
	1 General	205
	2 Summary of Geology	205
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	205
	4 Economic Geology 5 Geohazards	207
	6 Geosites	207
	7 References	207
	Seychelles	209
	1 General	209
	2 Summary of Geology	209
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	209
	4 Economic Geology	209
	5 Geohazards	209
	6 Geosites 7 References	211
	Sierra Leone	213
	1 General	213
	2 Summary of Geology	213
	3 Stratigraphy	213
	4 Tectonics	215
	5 Economic Geology	215
	6 Geohazards	215
	7 Geosites	215
	8 References	215
	Socotra (Yemen)	217
	1 General	217
	2 Summary of Geology	217
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	217
	5 Geohazards	217
	6 Geosites	217
	7 References	217
	Somalia	219
	1 General	219
	2 Summary of Geology	219
	3 Stratigraphy	219
	4 Tectonics	221
	5 Economic Geology	221
	6 Geohazards	222
	7 Geosites	222
	8 References	222
	South Africa	223
	1 General	223
	2 Summary of Geology	223
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	223
	5 Geohazards	227
	6 Geosites	227
	7 References	228
	Sudan	229
	1 General	229
	2 Summary of Geology	229
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	229
	4 Economic Geology	231
	5 Geohazards	232
	6 Geosites	232
	7 References	232
	Swaziland	233
	1 General	233
	2 Summary of Geology	233
	3 Stratigraphy	233
	4 Tectonics	235
	5 Economic Geology	235
	6 Geohazards	236
	7 Geosites	236
	8 References	236
	Tanzania	237
	1 General	237
	2 Summary of Geology	237
	3 Stratigraphy	237
	4 Tectonics	239
	5 Economic Geology	239
	6 Geohazards	241
	7 Geosites	241
	8 References	242
	Togo	243
	1 General	243
	2 Summary of Geology	243
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	243
	4 Economic Geology	243
	5 Geohazards	243
	6 Geosites	243
	7 References	243
	Tunisia	245
	1 General	245
	2 Summary of Geology	245
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	245
	4 Economic Geology	247
	5 Geohazards	248
	6 Geosites	248
	7 References	248
	Uganda	249
	1 General	249
	2 Summary of Geology	249
	3 Stratigraphy	249
	4 Tectonics	251
	5 Economic Geology	251
	6 Geohazards	252
	7 Geosites	252
	8 References	252
	Western Sahara	253
	1 General	253
	2 Summary of Geology	253
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	253
	4 Economic Geology	253
	5 Geohazards	253
	6 Geosites	253
	7 References	253
	Zambia	255
	1 General	255
	2 Summary of Geology	255
	3 Stratigraphy	255
	4 Tectonics	257
	5 Economic Geology	257
	6 Geohazards	258
	7 Geosites	258
	8 References	258
	Zimbabwe	259
	1 General	259
	2 Summary of Geology	259
	3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics	259
	4 Economic Geology	261
	5 Geohazards	262
	6 Geosites	262
	7 References	262
	Index	264
	Geographical Index	266
	A	266
	B	266
	C	266
	D	266
	E	267
	G	267
	H	267
	I	267
	J	267
	K	267
	L	268
	M	268
	N	269
	O	269
	P	269
	R	269
	N	269
	T	270
	U	270
	V	270
	W	270
	Y	270
	Z	270
	Subject Index	272
	A	272
	B	273
	C	273
	D	274
	E	275
	F	275
	G	275
	H	276
	I	276
	J	276
	K	276
	L	277
	M	278
	N	279
	O	279
	P	280
	Q	280
	R	281
	S	281
	T	282
	U	283
	V	283
	W	283
	Y	283
	Z	283