Contents	6
	Preface	8
	Quality of Service in Information Networks	9
	1. QUALITY OF SERVICE IN IP NETWORKS	9
	2. RESOURCE ALLOCATION MECHANISMS IN ROUTERS	12
	2.1 Classification of packets	12
	2.2 Policing and marking	13
	2.3 Management of queues	14
	2.4 Scheduling	15
	3. THE INTEGRATED SERVICES MODEL	16
	4. THE DIFFERENTIATED SERVICES MODEL	18
	5. INTEGRATED SERVICES OVER DIFFSERV NETWORKS	20
	6. MULTIPROTOCOL LABEL SWITCHING	21
	7. QUALITY OF SERVICE IN THIRD GENERATION WIRELESS NETWORKS	23
	8. CONCLUSIONS	26
	REFERENCES	27
	Risk-Driven Development Of Security-Critical Systems Using UMLsec	29
	1. Introduction	29
	2. Related Work	30
	3. Distributed System Security	31
	4. UMLsec	32
	5. Security evaluation of UML diagrams using formal semantics	34
	5.1. Security analysis of UML diagrams	37
	5.2. Important security properties	40
	5.3. Tool support	42
	6. Risk-Driven Development	42
	6.1. IEC 61508	44
	6.2. Model-based risk assessment: The CORAS approach	46
	7. MBRA Development Process for Security-Critical Systems	47
	8. Development of a AIBO-Lego Mindstorm Prototype Using the Approach	49
	8.1. Concept and overall scope definition	50
	8.2. Preliminary hazard analysis (PHA)	51
	8.3. Risk management and specification of security requirements	55
	8.4. Design and implementation	56
	8.5. Testing and security validation	58
	9. Conclusion	58
	Acknowledgments	59
	References	60
	Developing Portable Software	63
	1. INTRODUCTION	63
	2. THE WHAT AND WHY OF PORTABILITY	64
	2.1 What is Portability?	64
	2.2 Why should we Port?	65
	2.3 Why shouldn’t we Port?	66
	2.4 Levels of Porting	67
	2.5 Portability Myths	67
	3. INTERFACES AND MODELS	67
	4. THE ROLE OF STANDARDS	70
	5. STRATEGIES FOR PORTABILITY	72
	5.1 Three Key Principles	72
	5.1.1 Control the Interfaces	72
	5.1.2 Isolate Dependencies	72
	5.1.3 Think Portable	73
	5.2 Classifying the Strategies	73
	5.3 Three Types of Strategies	74
	5.3.1 Standardize the Interface	74
	5.3.2 Port the Other Side	74
	5.3.3 Translate the Interface	75
	5.4 Language Based Strategies	75
	5.4.1 Standard Languages	76
	5.4.2 Porting the Compiler	76
	5.4.3 Language Translation	77
	5.5 Library Strategies	77
	5.5.1 Standard Libraries	78
	5.5.2 Portable Libraries	79
	5.5.3 Interface Translation	79
	5.6 Operating System Strategies	79
	5.6.1 Standard APIs	80
	5.6.2 Porting the Operating System	81
	5.6.3 Interface Translation	81
	5.7 Architecture Strategies	82
	5.7.1 Standard Architectures	82
	5.7.2 Generic Architectures	83
	5.7.3 Binary Translation	84
	6. THE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS	84
	6.1.1 The Software Lifecycle	84
	6.1.2 Specification	85
	6.1.3 Design	86
	6.1.4 Implementation	87
	6.1.5 Testing and Debugging	87
	6.1.6 Documentation	88
	6.1.7 Maintenance	89
	6.1.8 Measuring Success	89
	7. OTHER ISSUES	90
	7.1.1 Transportation and Data Portability	90
	7.1.2 Cultural Adaptation	91
	8. CONCLUSION	91
	REFERENCES	92
	Formal Reasoning About Systems, Software and Hardware Using Functionals, Predicates and Relations	93
	Introduction: motivation and overview	94
	1. Calculating with expressions and propositions	95
	1.1 Expressions, substitution and equality	95
	1.2 Pointwise and point-free styles of expression	96
	1.3 Calculational proposition logic	99
	1.4 Binary algebra and conditional expressions	101
	2. Introduction to Generic Functionals	102
	2.1 Sets, functions and predicates	102
	2.2 Concrete generic functionals, first batch	104
	3. Functional Predicate Calculus	106
	3.1 Axioms and basic calculation rules	106
	3.2 Expanding the toolkit of calculation rules	108
	4. Generic Applications	110
	4.1 Applications to functions and functionals	110
	4.2 Calculating with relations	112
	4.3 Induction principles	113
	5. Applications in Computing	114
	5.1 Calculating with data structures	114
	5.2 Systems specification and implementation	115
	5.3 Formal semantics and programming theories	117
	6. Applications in ncontinuous mathematics	119
	6.1 An example in mathematical analysis	119
	6.2 An example about transform methods	119
	7. Some final notes on the Funmath formalism	120
	References	121
	The Problematic of Distributed Systems Supervision – An Example: Genesys	123
	1. INTRODUCTION	123
	2. STATE OF THE ART	125
	2.1 Standards in Distributed Management	126
	2.1.1 SMTP	126
	2.1.2 JMX	128
	2.1.3 Distributed Management Task Forces Standards	130
	2.2 Supervision Frameworks	130
	2.2.1 Tivoli (IBM) (http://www.tivoli.com)	130
	2.2.1.1 Overview	131
	2.2.1.2 TME Management Services	132
	2.2.1.3 Communications and networks	133
	2.2.2 Unicenter (Computer Associates) (http://www.cai.com)	134
	2.2.2.1 Unicenter architecture	134
	2.2.2.2 Unicenter TNG’s distributed management approach	135
	2.2.2.3 Unicenter TNG agent technology and integration	136
	2.2.2.4 Unicenter TNG’s Agent Factory environment	137
	2.2.3 Openview (HP) (http://www.hp.com)	137
	2.2.3.1 Overview	137
	2.2.3.2 ITO functioning	138
	2.2.3.3 ITO architecture	139
	2.2.3.4 Integration of applications into ITO	139
	2.2.4 Other frameworks	140
	2.3 Related Projects	140
	2.4 Intelligent Supervision	141
	2.4.1 Case Database Approach	142
	2.4.2 Topology Analysis	142
	2.4.3 Prediction Systems	143
	3. INTRODUCTION TO GENESYS	143
	3.1 What is GeneSyS ?	143
	3.2 Contexts	143
	3.2.1 Preliminary Design Review	144
	3.2.2 Distributed Training	145
	3.2.3 Web-Servers Monitoring	146
	3.3 Requirements	147
	4. GENESYS FRAMEWORK	148
	4.1 Constraints of Existing Solutions	148
	4.2 Design Objectives	148
	4.3 Web Technologies as a Platform for a Supervision Framework	149
	4.4 Basic Components and Communication Model	152
	4.5 Intelligence	153
	5. APPLICABILITY RESULTS	154
	5.1 Preliminary Design Review Scenario	154
	5.2 Distributed Training Scenario	155
	5.3 Web Servers Scenario	156
	6. CONCLUSION	157
	REFERENCIES	158
	Software Rejuvenation - Modeling and Analysis	159
	1. Introduction	159
	2. Classification and Treatment of Software Faults	161
	3. Analytic Models for Software Rejuvenation	164
	4. Measurement Based Models for Software Rejuvenation	174
	5. Implementation of a Software Rejuvenation Agent	185
	6. Approaches and Methods of Software Rejuvenation	185
	7. Conclusions	187
	Notes	187
	References	187
	Test and Design-for-Test of Mixed-Signal Integrated Circuits	191
	1. INTRODUCTION	192
	2. TEST METHODS	193
	2.1 General background	193
	2.2 Defects and fault models	195
	2.3 Functional Test	197
	2.4 Structural Test	199
	2.4.1 Fault simulation	199
	2.4.2 Test generation	201
	3. DESIGN-FOR-TEST	202
	3.1 Design-for-testability	203
	3.2 Built-in self-test	206
	3.2.1 Test generation and test compaction	207
	3.2.2 Current testing	210
	3.3 Self-checking circuits	211
	3.4 Unified built-in self-test	213
	4. CONCLUSIONS	215
	5. REFERENCES	217
	Web Services	221
	1. INTRODUCTION	221
	1.1 Characteristics of Web Services	222
	1.2 Web Services Technologies	223
	2. WEB SERVICES ARCHITECTURE	224
	2.1 SOAP	225
	2.1.1 SOAP Message Exchange	228
	2.2 WSDL	229
	2.2.1 WSDL Document Types	229
	2.3 UDDI	231
	2.3.1 Why UDDI?	232
	2.3.2 UDDI Business Registry	232
	3. TOWARDS SEMANTIC WEB SERVICES	233
	3.1 Introduction	233
	3.2 Web Services and their Complexity	234
	3.3 Functionalities Required for Successful Web Services	235
	3.4 Semantic Markup for Web Services	237
	3.5 Services Composition	239
	3.6 Web Services and Security	240
	3.6.1 Typing and Pattern Matching	241
	3.6.2 Trust in Web Services	242
	4. CONCLUSION	242
	References	243
	Applications of Multi-Agent Systems	247
	1. INTRODUCTION	247
	2. MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS	250
	2.1 Agent architectures	252
	2.2 Communication	254
	2.3 Coordination	256
	2.4 Negotiation	258
	2.4.1 Distributive negotiation	258
	2.4.2 Integrative negotiation	259
	2.5 Learning	261
	2.5.1 Reinforcement learning	261
	2.5.2 Bayesian learning	262
	2.5.3 Model-based learning	262
	2.5.4 Nested representations	263
	2.6 Methodologies for multi-agent system development	263
	2.7 Multi-agent system development software	264
	3. APPLICATIONS	266
	3.1 Multi-agent systems infrastructures	266
	3.1.1 RETSINA	266
	3.1.2 SICS	267
	3.2 Application areas	267
	3.3 ARCHON’s electricity transportation management application	268
	3.4 ADEPT business process management application	269
	3.5 FACTS telecommunication service management	269
	3.6 Challenger	269
	3.7 Tele-MACS	270
	3.8 TELE TRUCK	270
	3.9 MetaMorphII	271
	3.10 Fishmarket	271
	3.13 MACIV	272
	3.14 SMACE	272
	3.15 COM_ELECTRON	272
	3.16 VIRT_CONSTRUCT	273
	4. CONCLUSION	274
	Discrete Event Simulation with Applications to Computer Communication Systems Performance	279
	1. FROM SYSTEM TO MODEL	280
	2. CLASSIFICATION OF SIMULATION MODELS	283
	3. CLASSIFICATION OF SIMULATION TOOLS	284
	4. THE ROLE OF STATISTICS IN SIMULATION	285
	4.1 Random Variate generation	285
	4.2 Output Analysis	290
	4.2.1 Point and Interval Estimates	291
	4.2.2 Terminating vs. Steady State simulation	292
	4.2.3 Initialization Bias	293
	4.2.4 Dealing with Dependency [1]	293
	4.2.5 Method of Batch Means	295
	4.2.6 Variance Reduction Techniques	295
	5. SOME APPLICATIONS	296
	5.1 OPNET MODELER	296
	5.1.1 Construction of Model in OPNET MODELER [19]	297
	5.1.2 Example- Comparison of RED vs. FIFO with Tail-drop	300
	5.2 ns-2 and NAM	305
	5.2.1 Overview and Model construction in ns-2	305
	5.2.2 Network Components (ns objects)	305
	5.2.3 Event Schedulers	306
	5.2.4 Data collection and Execution	307
	5.2.5 Network Animator	307
	5.2.6 Example- RED Analysis	307
	6. SUMMARY	309
	REFERENCES	310
	Human-Centered Automation: A Matter of Agent Design and Cognitive Function Allocation	313
	1. INTRODUCTION	313
	2. LESSONS LEARNED FROM AERONAUTICS	315
	3. WHAT IS AN AGENT?	317
	4. POSSIBLE AGENT-TO-AGENT INTERACTION	318
	5. AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACH: LOOKING FOR MATURITY	321
	5.1Hiding unnecessary complexity while promoting necessary operations	321
	5.2 Affordance: The ultimate maturity of an artifact	322
	5.3 Discovering affordances using active design documents	324
	5.4 Human-centered design of artificial agents	325
	5.5 Adapting Henderson’s design cycle to agents	326
	6. AN EXAMPLE OF COGNITIVE FUNCTION ANALYSIS	327
	6.1 Design case 1: Allocation of cognitive functions to User	328
	6.2 Design case 2: Allocation of cognitive functions to User and Artifact	330
	6.3 Design case 3: Allocation of cognitive functions to Artifact	331
	6.4 Design case 4: Allocation of cognitive functions to Organizational Environment	332
	7. INTERPRETATION VERSUS AMPLIFICATION	334
	8. CONCLUSION AND PERSPECTIVES	336
	9. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS	338
	10. REFERENCES	338
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