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Adaptive Decision Making and Intellectual Styles |
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Preface |
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Contents |
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1 Decision Making in the Social Sciences |
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1.1 Introduction |
14 |
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1.2 Section 1: Decision Making from a Sociological Viewpoint |
15 |
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1.3 Sociological Assumptions |
15 |
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1.4 Sociological Influences on Decision Making |
16 |
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1.4.1 Cooperation |
17 |
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1.4.2 Trust and Reciprocity |
17 |
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1.4.3 Social Norms |
18 |
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1.5 Section 2: Decision Making in Management |
19 |
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1.5.1 Decisions Matter at Every Managerial Level |
19 |
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1.5.2 Scientific Decision Making: The Rational Approach |
20 |
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1.5.3 Risk and Uncertainty |
21 |
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1.5.4 The Decisional School: How to Face Up to Uncertainty |
22 |
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1.5.5 Beyond the Rational Approach: From Individual to Group Decision Making |
24 |
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1.5.6 Adaptive Decision Making |
27 |
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1.6 Section 3: Cognition and Decision Making in Marketing: Know Your Customers |
28 |
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1.6.1 Unlocking the Black Box |
30 |
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1.6.2 Consumer Behavior and Cognitive Styles |
31 |
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1.6.3 Market Interpretation and Response |
33 |
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1.6.4 Summary |
35 |
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1.7 Section 4: Decision Making from an Educational Perspective |
35 |
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1.7.1 Compulsory Schooling: Mainstream |
35 |
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1.7.2 Compulsory Schooling: Exceptional Students (Gifted, Talented, and Special) |
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1.7.3 Higher Education |
39 |
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1.7.4 Decision Making in Vocational Education |
40 |
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1.7.5 Health and Medical Education |
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1.7.6 Decision Making and Learning in the Workplace |
42 |
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1.8 Summary |
43 |
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References |
44 |
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2 Critical Thinking and Intellectual Style |
48 |
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2.1 Review of the Decision-Making Literature |
49 |
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2.1.1 Types of Decisions |
50 |
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2.1.2 Factors Influencing Our Decision-Making Processes |
50 |
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2.1.3 Fairness and Learning |
50 |
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2.1.4 Context and Individual Capacity |
51 |
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2.1.5 Emotion, Time Pressures, and Complex Situations |
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2.1.6 Self-Reflection and Unconscious Processing |
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2.1.7 Experience |
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2.2 The Role of Critical Thinking |
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2.2.1 Definition |
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2.2.2 The Role of Critical Thinking in Effective Decision Making |
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2.3 Overview of Intellectual Styles |
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2.3.1 Definition |
56 |
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2.3.2 Theories of Intellectual Style |
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2.3.3 Theory of Mental Self-Government |
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2.3.4 Theory of Reality Construction |
57 |
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2.3.5 LinearNonlinear Thinking |
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2.3.6 Empirical Inventories and Questionnaires |
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2.3.7 LinearNonlinear Thinking Style Profile |
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2.3.8 Thinking Style Inventory |
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2.3.9 Other Available Instruments |
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2.3.10 Factors Impacting Upon, or Emerging from, Intellectual Style |
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2.3.11 Similarities Despite Individual Difference |
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2.3.12 Context |
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2.3.13 Emotions and Emotional Competence |
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2.3.14 Freedom |
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2.3.15 Culture |
61 |
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2.4 Synthesis of the Three Constructs |
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2.5 Conclusion |
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References |
65 |
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3 Analytical Exploration of Intellectual Style and Critical Thinking |
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3.1 Introduction |
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3.2 Intellectual Styles and the Theory of Reality Construction |
69 |
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3.3 Thinking Styles Profiles in the Web 2.0 Age |
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3.3.1 The Samples |
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3.3.2 Survey Results and Discussion |
74 |
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3.4 Intellectual Styles and Collaborative Work: An Original Approach |
76 |
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3.4.1 The PBL Experiences |
77 |
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3.4.2 Adapting the TSI to Collaborative Design: The CD-TSI |
78 |
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3.5 Survey Results and Discussion |
78 |
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3.6 Decision Makers of Tomorrow and Today’s Leaders Put in Contrast |
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3.7 Critical Thinking, Creativity, and Leadership |
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3.8 The Components of Critical Thinking: A Definition |
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3.8.1 Critical Thinking and Innovation |
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3.8.2 Assessing Critical Thinking |
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3.8.3 Critical Thinking Capability Inventory |
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3.8.4 Recent Investigation: Critical Thinking in University Students |
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3.8.5 Procedures and Results |
90 |
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3.9 Conclusion |
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References |
94 |
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4 Practical Application and the Emergence of ADM 3.0 |
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4.1 Contribution of Social Science to Decision Making and Intellectual Style |
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4.2 Decision Biases and Decision Frameworks |
103 |
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4.3 Intuition and Its Role in Decision Making |
107 |
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4.4 Adaptive Decision Making 3.0 is Based on Learning |
111 |
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4.5 Case Study 1 UNESCO |
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4.6 Case Study of QF 32 |
116 |
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4.7 Conclusion |
118 |
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References |
119 |
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Appendices |
121 |
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Appendix 1: Thinking Style Inventory |
121 |
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Appendix 2: Concept Design-Thinking Style Inventory (CD-TSI) |
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Appendix 3: Critical Thinking Inventory |
124 |
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Appendix 4: Critical Thinking Capability Inventory |
125 |
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